Arthropods are key nodes for the provision of ecosystem services such as pest control, but their response to land-use change is highly variable depending on scale analysis and natural enemies’ life histories. We evaluate effects landscape- local-scale variables communities small-scale agriculture. consider functional traits attain a mechanistic understanding effect changes biodiversity resilien...

Host-specific mortality driven by natural enemies is a widely discussed mechanism for explaining plant diversity. In principle, populations of plant species can be regulated by distinct host-specific natural enemies that have weak or nonexistent effects on heterospecific competitors, preventing any single species from becoming dominant and thus promoting diversity. Two of the first steps in exp...

battlefield. Some twenty-five hundred years ago, Sun-Tzu taught us that if you knew the enemy and yourself, you would never be in danger in hundreds of battles. Sun-Tzu’s words, “Know your enemy,” mean knowing the enemy leader’s intentions. Sun-Tzu thought that if we knew the enemy's intentions, we could win a victory without war against the enemy. However, it is very difficult to find out the ...