There are two types of network traffic in experimental environments. One is traffic which is derived from target elements and the other one is background traffic which is derived from surrounding elements. There is very little knowledge on the relationships between new elements and existing elements; therefore, surrounding elements that seem to have no apparent relationship with the target elem...

This article reports key findings from the first phase of a research project investigating Net generation age students as they encounter e-learning at five universities in England. We take a critical view of the idea of a distinct generation which has been described using various terms including Net generation and Digital Natives and explore age related differences amongst first year university...

This study examines pragmatic resistance as a choice made by Chinese learners of Korean and the factors that contribute to this choice. Data were collected from 46 upper-intermediate language through three different tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questionnaires, retrospective interviews. Findings showed participants chose resist native norms in over 40% their answers...

This study was a cross-sectional investigation into the request strategies used by Iranian learners of English as a Foreign Language and Australian native speakers of English. The sample involved 96 BA and MA Persian students and 10 native speakers of English. A Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was used to generate data related to the request strategies used by each group. Selection of request s...

Scholars have been investigating the quick emergence of digital platforms, essentially through the lens of digital native firms. If there is limited occurrence of platforms launched by incumbent firms such as Daimler (Car2Go, Moovel) or Johnson Controls (Panopix), the economics of their strategic responses through platforms by incumbents merit attention. This paper provides the first largescale...

This study deals with the expression of additive linking in L2 French by adult German learners two proficiency levels (advanced vs. intermediate). We examine whether crosslinguistic influences are observed three domains: frequency and type expressions discourse, syntactic integration particles utterance prosodic contour associated them. A total 70 participants (20 native speakers, 20 speakers 3...

It is generally accepted that a discourse connective expresses a semantic and/or pragmatic relation between its matrix sentence or clause and something in the previous discourse. Usually the sense of this relation is expressed as a label, often within a hierarchy of sense labels. But the meaning of these labels may vary from system to system, and the same connective may be assigned different la...

The use of game elements in non-game contexts (gamification) -has previously been widely explored in contexts such as healthcare and marketing but less extensively in education and training. In this paper we explore the use of gamification in education and training. Traditional training methods often fail to engage or motivate students, especially Digital Natives raised from a young age with ap...