St. Armands Key, a barrier island located in western Sarasota County in Florida, has had a history of chronic flooding. It is relatively low and bowl-shaped and has experienced flooding caused by both excessively high tides and rainfall events. The existing stormwater drainage system on the Key includes one pump station and gravity drainage pipes, which are not adequate to meet the level of ser...

Erosional and sedimentary features associated with flooding have been documented in both modern and past cases. However, only a few studies have demonstrated the relationship between these features and the corresponding hydraulic conditions that produced them, making it difficult to evaluate the magnitude of paleo-flooding. This study describes the characteristics associated with inundation dep...

Climate change will lead to more extreme precipitation and associated increase of flooding events of soils. This can turn these soils from a sink into a source of atmospheric methane. The latter will depend on the balance of microbial methane production and oxidation. In the present study, the structural and functional response of methane oxidizing microbial communities was investigated in a ri...

Coastal flooding caused by extreme sea levels can be devastating, with long-lasting and diverse consequences. Historically, the UK has suffered major flooding events, and at present 2.5 million properties and £150 billion of assets are potentially exposed to coastal flooding. However, no formal system is in place to catalogue which storms and high sea level events progress to coastal flooding. ...

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile wireless devices that cooperate with each other to route packets amongst themselves. The main difficulty in designing routing algorithms for such a network is the large number of topology changes that the network undergoes due to device movement. Selective flooding is a routing technique that is more resilient to topology changes than traditional algo...

Designing efficient search algorithms is a key challenge in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. Flooding and random walk (RW) are two typical search algorithms. Flooding searches aggressively and covers the most nodes. However, it generates a large amount of query messages and, thus, does not scale. On the contrary, RW searches conservatively. It only generates a fixed amount of query messages ...

Searching efficiency is a decisive factor concerning scalability in large-scale peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing systems. While flooding is the most commonly used and user-performance oriented method to broadcast query across an unstructured P2P network, it generates a large number of redundant messages. Our study shows that more than 70% of messages are redundant using flooding in a moderately ...

A computer application and national geospatial database have been developed to support the calculation of flooding flow (Q f) and threshold runoff across the conterminous United States and Alaska. Flooding flow is the flow required to cause a stream to slightly overflow its bank and cause damage. Threshold runoff @L#, defined as the depth of runoff required to cause flooding, is computed as flo...

Many ad hoc routing algorithms rely on broadcast flooding for location discovery or more generally for secure routing applications, particularly when dealing with Byzantine threats. Flooding is a robust algorithm but, because of its extreme redundancy, it is impractical in dense networks. Indeed in large wireless networks, the use of flooding algorithms may lead to a broadcast storm in which th...

the performance of water flooding can be investigated by using either detail numerical modeling or simulation, or simply through the analytical buckley-leverett (bl) model. the buckley-leverett analytical technique can be applied to one-dimensional homogeneous systems. in this paper, the impact of heterogeneity on water flooding performance and fractional flow curve is investigated. first, a ba...