abstract various mathematical water uptake models have been introduced for plants response to combined drought and salinity stress. the reduction functions are classified as additive, multiplicative and conceptual models. in this study six different macroscopic reduction functions, namely; van genuchten (additive and multiplicative), dirksen et al., van dam et al, skaggs et al and homaee were e...

subh al-'a'sh? f? san?'at al-insh?' is one of the greatest encyclopedias produced in the islamic civilization before the ninth century after hegira. the book addresses a plethora of historical, scientific and literary issues in which the writer explains the administration mechanism of d?w?n al-insh?' (a secretariat keeping the records of non-financial and non-military c...

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present research tries to explain the relationship between human’s false beliefs about human being, universe, human dignity and the impact of such falseness by the way of looking inside nahj ul-balaghe. human’s lacking of knowledge of his position in the order of creation and also demerits of such ignorance like tendency toward materialistic pleasures, seizing the days and animalistic life and ...

Objective: The increasing importance of the movement of positive psychology has led scientific research to explore and measure the optimal human performance or flourishing. Many researchers believe that the components of flourishing are different in sociocultural contexts, and culture is the primary factor affecting the optimal human performance. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop an...

quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...