It is essential to establish a library of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides from the chondroitin and dermatan sulfates to investigate their biological functions and structure-activity relationships (SARs). There are several approaches to obtain oligosaccharides using chemical and enzymatic degradation procedures; however, purification of each resulting oligosaccharide is complicated because of...

A new methodology for prenylation of thiol compounds has been developed. The approach is based on the use of prenyl sulfates as new reagents for S-prenylation of benzenethiol and cysteamine in aqueous systems. The C(10)-prenols geraniol and nerol that differ in the configuration (E or Z, correspondingly) of the alpha-isoprene unit were efficiently O-sulfated in the presence of a pyridine-SO(3')...

The most characteristic componems of the intercellular matrix, or ground substance, of connective tissue are the highly polymerized acid mucopolysaccharides. Meyer and Rapport (1) distinguish five such acid mucopolysaccharides isolated from ground substance: three chondroitin sulfates (A, B, and C), hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronosulfate. These polymers have become of particular interest in rece...

The development of a reliable procedure for the synthesis of the 16-glucoside and 16-sulfate of the resorcylic acid lactone (RAL) type compound zearalenone is presented. Different protective group strategies were considered and applied to enable the preparation of glucosides and sulfates that are difficult to access up to now. Acetyl and p-methoxybenzyl protection led to undesired results and w...

We isolated 12 strictly anaerobic steroid-3-sulfate-desulfating strains from the intestinal floras of rats and humans. Two strains (S1 and S2) of the same atypical Clostridium species and an atypical Lactobacillus strain (termed R9) were obtained from rats. The human isolates were identified as Eubacterium cylindroides (two strains, H1 and H2), Peptococcus niger (two strains, H4 and H89), and C...

A B S T R A C T The quantitative significance of renal excretion of bile acid ester sulfates as an alternate excretory pathway was evaluated in hamsters. After bile duct ligation, total serum bile acid fell from a mean level of 454 ,g/ml at 24 h to 64 ,ug/ml by 96 h. During this period the bulk of the bile acid pool could be accounted for as esterified bile acids in urine. Renal pedicle ligatio...

Introduction: Remote sensing and in situ data from recent orbiter and rover missions have provided extensive evidence for the presence of water lain sedimentary rocks on Mars [1]. Imaging spectrometers onboard Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have also detected hydrated minerals such as ancient phyllosilicates and sulfates on the Martian surface. These minerals appear to have formed...

Sulfur (S) serves many purposes in the ruminant animal. It is a component of amino acids methionine and cystine, as well as B-vitamins, biotin and thiamine and a number of other organic compounds. Elemental S, sulfates, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen sulfide all may be present in ruminant nutrition. Elemental S, sulfates, and sulfuric acid are relatively non-toxic. Hydrogen sulfide, however, is hi...

Background: Naringin is a major antioxidant in Citrus fruits and herbs. To clarify molecular forms distributed to various tissues, we investigated tissue distribution of naringin and relevant metabolites in rats after repeated dosing. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered naringin (210 mg/kg) twice daily for eight days. At 6 h post the 17th dose, various tissues including l...

Quantitative fatty acid compositions are reported for human cerebral gray matter glycolipids (gangliosides, cerebrosides, and cerebroside sulfates) in Alzheimer's disease (presenile dementia) and related disorders of the central nervous system. Although the fatty acid compositions were generally similar to those of the controls, some significant differences were noted in Alzheimer's disease whi...