BACKGROUND We conducted this study to investigate whether formalin fixation is associated with the shrinkage of head and neck cancer specimens. METHODS Patients scheduled to undergo operation were eligible for enrollment. Fresh specimens were measured immediately in the operating room, and the measurements were repeated after formalin fixation. RESULTS A total of 100 specimens were collecte...

We analysed N2 - and carbon (C) fixation in individual cells of Baltic Sea cyanobacteria by combining stable isotope incubations with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Specific growth rates based on N2 - and C-fixation were higher for cells of Dolichospermum spp. than for Aphanizomenon sp. and Nodularia spumigena. The cyanobacterial biomass, however, was dominated by Aphanizomenon sp., wh...

This paper considers spatially-structured populations described as a network, and examines the properties of these networks in terms of their affect on fixation of neutral alleles due solely to genetic drift. Individuals are modelled as two allele, one locus haploid, diploid and tetraploid structures. The time to fixation for a variety of network configurations is discovered through simulation....

The use of bicortical screws to fix metacarpal fractures has been suggested to provide no added biomechanical advantage over unicortical screw fixation. However, this was only demonstrated in static loading regimes, which may not be representative of biological conditions. The present study was done to determine whether similar outcomes are obtained when cyclic loading is applied. Transverse mi...

A total of 179 adult patients with displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius was randomised to receive indirect percutaneous reduction and external fixation (n = 88) or open reduction and internal fixation (n = 91). Patients were followed up for two years. During the first year the upper limb musculoskeletal function assessment score, the SF-36 bodily pain sub-scale score, the ov...

The stiffness of fracture fixation devices together with musculoskeletal loading defines the mechanical environment within a long bone fracture, and can be quantified by the interfragmentary movement. In vivo results suggested that this can have acceleratory or inhibitory influences, depending on direction and magnitude of motion, indicating that some complications in fracture treatment could b...

BACKGROUND Tibial fixation of hamstring tendon grafts has been the weak link in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS Use of a central four-quadrant sleeve and screw provides superior fixation when compared with standard interference screw fixation. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS In eight pairs of cadaveric knees each anterior cruciate ligament was recon...