BACKGROUND The optimal dose of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in renal transplant patients has been recommended to be decided on the basis of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-12) of mycophenolic acid (MPA). Although meta-analysis has revealed that postoperative day (POD) is an influencing factor in MPA pharmacokinetics, there are no reports regarding a limited sampling strategy (LSS) ...

Dengue virus host factors (DENV HFs) that are essential for the completion of the infection cycle in the mosquito vector and vertebrate host represent potent targets for transmission blocking. Here we investigated whether known mammalian DENV HF inhibitors could influence virus infection in the arthropod vector A. aegypti. We evaluated the potency of bafilomycin (BAF; inhibitor of vacuolar H+-A...

Several studies have demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important pathophysiological role in ischaemic renal failure and drug-induced renal injury, such as cyclosporine A (CsA)- and tacrolimus-associated nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate whether the new immunosuppressive drug mycophenolic acid (MPA), which in contrast with CsA and tacrolimus lacks nephrotoxic side effe...

A mutant (MPA100) strain of Leishmania donovania was generated from a wild type (D1700) population by virtue of its ability to survive the selective pressure of gradually increasing concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) activity. Comparative growth experiments revealed that the MPA100 strain was 100-fold more resistant to MPA toxicity and cross-res...

The final step in the biosynthesis of mycophenolic acid involves the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to demethylmycophenolic acid. The enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine:demethylmycophenolic acid O-methyltransferase, was isolated from Penicillium stoloniferum and purified 2,700-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatograph...

A simple, sensitive and high throughput ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma. The method involved simple protein precipitation of MPA along with its deuterated analog as an internal standard (IS) from 50 µL of human plasma. The chromatographic analysis was done on Acquity UPLC C18 (1...

The replication of virus is dependent on the host metabolism; nucleotide precursors for the synthesis of viral genome or viral mRNAs are supplied from the host nucleotides pool. As viral replication requires a massive synthesis of viral mRNA or viral genome, the inhibition of cellular nucleotide synthesis is considered a strategy for broad-spectrum antivirals. Indeed, the inhibition of GTP synt...

We have developed a replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carrying a selective marker that can be used in vivo. This recombinant virus (Z6 Delta nef gpt) was generated by replacing the 5' half of the HIV nef gene with the Escherichia coli guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (gpt). This new vector can express the gpt product on infection and works as a positive selective m...

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), is an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). It preferentially inhibits denovo pathway of guanosine nucleotide synthesis in T and B-lymphocytes and prevents their proliferation, thereby suppresses both cell mediated and humoral immune responses. Clinical trials in kidney transplant recipients have shown the ef...