This paper uses a methodology based in fuzzy sets theory in order to describe the interaction between the prey, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) the soybean aphid, and its predator, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and to propose a chemical control for soybean aphid. Economic thresholds were already developed for this pest. The model includes biotic (predator) and abiotic (temper...

the interaction of sulfur mustard with aminoacids and proteins has been investigated in this study. rats were injected with sublethal doses of sulfur mustard subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. at different time intervals, plasma and urine samples were collected. the binding affinity of sulfur mustard with urinary and plasma proteins and enzymes was studied for the first time using non-ideal ...

yellow, and even drop. Other symptoms of direct feeding damage include plant stunting, poor pod fill, reduced Since 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has pod and seed counts, smaller seed size, and nutrient become a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America. In the USA, there are currently no commercial soybean deficiencies resulting in overall yield and q...

Cucumber, a very important vegetable crop worldwide, is easily damaged by pests. Aphid is one of the most serious cucumber pests and frequently cause severe damage to commercially produced crops. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying pest resistance is important for aphid-resistant cucumber varieties breeding. In this study, two parental cucumber lines, JY30 (aphid susceptible) and EP...

Feeding damage to plants by insect herbivores induces the production of plant volatiles, which are attractive to the herbivores natural enemies. Little is understood about the plant biochemical pathways involved in aphid-induced plant volatile production. The aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae can detect and respond to aphid-induced volatiles produced by Arabidopsis thaliana. When given experi...

Changes in protein content, peroxidase activity, and isozyme profiles in response to soybean aphid feeding were documented at V1 (fully developed leaves at unifoliate node, first trifoliate leaf unrolled) and V3 (fully developed leaf at second trifoliate node, third trifoliate leaf unrolled) stages of soybean aphid-tolerant (KS4202) and -susceptible (SD76R) soybeans. Protein content was similar...

All aphid species studied so far share the same sex pheromone components, nepetalactol and nepetalactone. Variation by different enantiomers and blends of the two components released by different aphid species are limited and can only partially explain species-specific attraction of males to females. While some host-plant odours are known to enhance specific attraction of aphid species, herbivo...

Recent aphid-vectored viruses in the northeastern U.S. led to extensive surveys of aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species composition. We report the species composition and richness of alate aphids associated with processing snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabales: Fabaceae) agroecosystems from field surveys conducted during 5 yr in New York and 3 yr in Pennsylvania. Rates of species accumulati...

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum : Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a phloem-feeding insect whose antipredator defenses include kicking, walking away, and dropping from the plant. Aphid dropping, a risky and energetically costly antipredator behavior, can be increased by the release of aphid alarm pheromone; there is also evidence that insect density and plant health can affect the likelihood ...

Background: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viruses infecting vegetables in the fields throughout the world. Transmission efficiency of CMV could depend on the variability of virus strain but also aphid vector species and/or clones. Materials and Methods: By sequence analysis, the coat protein gene of CMV strains from different regions revealed that the CMV isolates use...