knowledge of surgery is one of the milestones in islamic civilization. the purpose of this study was to find principles and proven techniques used by muslim surgeons, third to twelfth century ah. the present study, enjoying a historical approach, used a descriptive analysis method with matching samples. the findings of the study revealed that, during this period, some of the principles and tech...

This case study of the medical and missionary career of Robert Grierson (1868-1965) with the Canadian Presbyterian mission to Northern Korea from 1898 to 1913 examines the practical context and implications of changing mission ideology in the early-twentieth century for medically trained missionaries. Historians such as William Hutchison and Robert Wright have argued that, in the early-twentiet...

The growing number and diversity of Muslims in the United States and Western Europe challenge clinicians and researchers to understand this population's perspectives and experiences regarding health and biomedicine. For information about Muslim patient populations, clinicians and researchers routinely consult medical literature. To examine how this literature portrays Muslims, we conducted an e...

The ultimate success of the reconquista (the reconquering of Muslim lands in the Iberian Peninsula from 718-1492) and the ensuing consolidation of Spain beneath the joint rule of Ferdinand and Isabel helped define the course of western civilization. This paper uses the unique institutional organization of Muslim rulers in Iberia to explain the fall of Muslim power in the Peninsula. Through vast...

The 2002 Ceasefire Agreement in Sri Lanka has resulted in mass-migration of IDPs back to their places of origin. Vanni, in the northern LTTE-controlled part of the country, is also seeing a large number of IDPs coming to settle, including Muslims that had been forced to leave the area by the LTTE. The question is how this resettlement process is taking place, who is involved in it, and what are...

Vegetation burning is a common land management practice in Africa, where fire is used for hunting, livestock husbandry, pest control, food gathering, cropland fertilization, and wildfire prevention. Given such strong anthropogenic control of fire, we tested the hypotheses that fire activity displays weekly cycles, and that the week day with the fewest fires depends on regionally predominant rel...

This paper presents the critical edition of lyrical biography saint Teresa Ávila. The text anonymous author is based on engravings taken from Rime sopra la vita di santa published in Italy 1670. commentaries explain meaning Old-Polish words as well proverbs, biblical quotes and references to writings Teresa: her autobiography Spiritaul Testimonies. Moreover, this article describes role Carmelit...

technology advancement improves the way we interact with computer systems. keyboard, mouse, and touchpad provide an easier and more natural way of interaction with a computer system. nowadays, by introducing low cost and high performance depth cameras like kinect and xtion, new opportunities are available for creating even more natural interfaces. in this paper, a new model was demonstrated for...

Shocked by what he considered to be the savagery he encountered in Tierra del Fuego, Charles Darwin ranked the Fuegians lowest among the human races. An enduring story has it, however, that Darwin was later so impressed by the successes of missionaries there, and by the grandeur they discovered in the native tongue, that he changed his mind. This story has served diverse interests, religious an...