We sought to test directly whether the mechanical forces produced during rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation act on the muscle vasculature in a manner sufficient to initiate and sustain blood flow. To accomplish this goal, we evaluated the mechanical performance of the isolated skeletal muscle pump. The hindlimb skeletal muscle pump was isolated by reversibly connecting the inferior vena...

RECORDING TECHNIQUE MUSCLE AFFERENTS Clinically Relevant Insights Sensory Role of Muscle Spindles Fusimotor Function at Rest Fusimotor Function During Voluntary Contractions Fusimotor Function During Contractions of Remote Muscles, Motor Imagery, and Preparation for a Contraction Fusimotor Function in Motor Disorders CUTANEOUS AND JOINT AFFERENTS Large Myelinated Cutaneous Afferents Cutaneous A...

Inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. So the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and ipratropium against insulin induced airway hyper-responsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. ...

Torque time integral (TTI) is the combination of intensity and duration of a contraction. The aim of this study was to compare neuromuscular alterations following different isometric sub-maximal contractions of the knee extensor muscles but with similar TTI. Sixteen participants performed 3 sustained contractions at different intensities (25%, 50%, and 75% of Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC)...

Communication among scientists must be clear and concise to avoid ambiguity and misinterpretations. The selection of words must be based on accepted definitions. The fields of biomechanics, muscle physiology, and exercise science have had a particularly difficult time with terminology, arising from the complexity of muscle contractions and by the use of inappropriate terminology by scientists. ...

Precise estimates of muscle architecture are necessary to understand and model muscle mechanics. The primary aim of this study was to estimate continuous changes in fascicle length and pennation angle in human gastrocnemius muscles during ramped plantar flexor contractions at two ankle angles. The secondary aim was to determine whether these changes differ between proximal and distal fascicles....

INTRODUCTION The magnitude of the neural activation, and hence the force produced by a muscle, depend on the number of motor units activated (recruitment) and the rates at which motor neurons discharge action potentials (rate coding). Although the recruitment order of motor units (size principle) is similar for contractions during which the force is gradually increased (ramp contraction) and th...