The first modern municipal work in Ottoman Empire was applied Istanbul. It started provinces through 1864 Regulation (Tuna Vilayet Nizamnamesi) as a part of administrative arrangements and improved 1867 hereby. main duties municipalities that period were public cleaning, construction, examination markets bazaars, firefighting, protecting social health. took place mostly harbour trade cities. Mu...

A 300-bp DNA sequence has been determined for 30 (10 from each of three species of mice) random isolates of a subset of the long interspersed repeat family L1. From these data we conclude that members of the L1 family are evolving in concert at the DNA sequence level in Mus domesticus, Mus caroli, and Mus platythrix. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon may be either duplicative transp...

The functional diversification of multigene families may be strongly influenced by mechanisms of concerted evolution such as interparalog gene conversion. The beta-globin gene family of house mice (genus Mus) represents an especially promising system for evaluating the effects of gene conversion on the functional divergence of duplicated genes. Whereas the majority of mammalian species possess ...