THE LANCET • Vol 359 • February 9, 2002 • www.thelancet.com 507 Introduction Encephalitis is an unusual manifestation of human viral infection. Thus, whereas many individuals develop systemic viral infections, only a few develop symptomatic infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Viruses vary widely in their potential to produce significant CNS infection. For some viruses (eg, mumps), CN...

We report an ongoing outbreak of measles with five laboratory-confirmed and four epidemiologically linked cases in Northern Ireland as at 26 October 2010. The index case was an unvaccinated non-Northern Ireland resident with subsequent genotyping suggesting that infection originated in the usual country of residence of this case. Confirmed cases include one patient with a history of two measles...

Although the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is not recommended for mumps postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), data on its effectiveness are limited. During the 2009-2010 mumps outbreak in the northeastern United States, we assessed effectiveness of PEP with a third dose of MMR vaccine among contacts in Orthodox Jewish households who were given a third dose within 5 days of mumps onset in the ho...

A radial haemolysis test was used to investigate immunity to mumps. Antibody was found in 92 (42%) out of 220 children aged up to 5 years, 124 (78%) out of 159 children aged 6--10 years, 192 (86%) out of 222 children aged 11 years, 138 (92%) out of 150 children aged 15 years, and 280 (95%) out of 296 women attending an antenatal clinic. A group of 307 cadets aged 16--18 years were also tested a...

BACKGROUND: The maternal mortality rate is an indicator that reflects the mother’s health status, especially risk of death for mother during pregnancy and childbirth. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) has a close relationship with efforts to increase human development. Therefore, are needed reduce MMR by identifying factors influence MMR. AIM: aim study was analyze causing incidence Maternal Death ...

Multiple sclerosis has been hypothesized to be the result from an aberrant immune response possibly triggered by delayed exposure to a common childhood infection. Because the vast majority of previous studies testing this hypothesis have been based on a history of childhood infections recalled years to decades later in adulthood, we investigated whether age at six common childhood infections wa...

Mumps is a highly contagious human disease, characterized by lateral or bilateral nonsuppurative swelling of the parotid glands and neurological complications that can result in aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. A mumps vaccination program implemented since the 1960s reduced mumps incidence by more than 99% and kept the mumps case numbers as low as hundreds of cases per year in the United Sta...

Introduction: The Serology section of the Microbiology Department performs Rubella immunity screening mainly from antenatal patients and staff health clinics, with a small number of tests being performed for the diagnosis of Rubella infection. Since the implementation of the NSW Department of Health Circular 2003/91 “Occupational Screening and Vaccination against Infectious Diseases”, the numbe...