This paper presents a derivation of rate expressions for nonadiabatic proton-coupled electron transfer ~PCET! reactions in solution. The derivation is based on a multistate continuum theory in which the solvent is described by a dielectric continuum, the solute is represented by a multistate valence bond model, and the transferring proton~s! are treated quantum mechanically. In this formulation...

In this paper we develop an explicit formula that allows us to compute the first k moments of the random count of a pattern in a multistate sequence generated by aMarkov source. We derive efficient algorithms that allow us to deal with any pattern (low or high complexity) in any Markov model (homogeneous or not). We then apply these results to the distribution of DNA patterns in genomic sequenc...

A new image enhancement technique proposed in this paper. The proposed neural filter is carried out in two stages. In first stage the corrupted image is filtered by applying a special class of multistate switching median filter. The filtered image output multistate switching median filter is suitably combined with a feed forward neural network in the second stage. The internal parameters of the...

This paper compares and contrasts three methods that are useful for life course researchers; the more widely used sequence analysis, the promising but less often applied latent class growth models, and multistate event history models. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are highlighted by applying them to the same empirical problem. Using data from the Norwegian Generations and Gender S...

The purpose of this paper is to present a multistate reliability approach to evaluate the performance of the infrastructure networks from the viewpoint of reliability. There are many infrastructure networks that follow the classical two-terminal network reliability problem. We present a relatively efficient algorithm to find a subset of lower boundary points and then use them to develop lower b...

Modelling length of stay in neonatal care is vital to inform service planning and the counselling of parents. Preterm babies, at the highest risk of mortality, can have long stays in neonatal care and require high resource use. Previous work has incorporated babies that die into length of stay estimates, but this still overlooks the levels of care required during their stay. This work incorpora...

This paper constructs a multistate flow network composed of multistate edges to model a computer network. Each edge has lead time, capacity, and cost parameters. Therefore, the minimum transmission time through a single path is not a fixed number. Under the transmission protocol that the data are sent through p (p ≥ 2) minimal paths simultaneously, the minimum transmission time is also stochast...

The development of conventional, silicon-based computers has several limitations, including some related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the von Neumann "bottleneck". Biomolecular computers based on DNA and proteins are largely free of these disadvantages and, along with quantum computers, are reasonable alternatives to their conventional counterparts in some applications. The idea ...