A significant issue of the supply chain problem is how to integrate different entities. Managing supply chain is a difficult task because of complex integrations, especially when the products are perishable in nature. Little attention has been paid on ordering specific perishable products jointly in uncertain environment with multiple sources and multiple destinations. In this article, we propo...

fast development of aquaculture and increasing fish demand lead to intensification of fish culture, magnifying stressors for fish and thus heightening the risk of disease until now, chemotherapy has been widely used to prevent and treat disease outbreaks, although use of chemical drugs has multiple negative impacts on environment and human health e.g. resistant bacterial strains and residual ac...

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf-Software-Component (COTSSC)-Based Software Development (CBSD) has the potential to reduce time and resources required to develop software. However, in order to realize the benefits, which COTSSC bring to software development, it is imperative that the “right” COTSSC products are selected for projects, because selecting inappropriate COTSSC products may result in increas...

With limited capacity of suppliers, how to reduce the total operating cost of the enterprise by determining the most suitable production capacity allocation has become the major issue faced by various enterprises in producing multiple types of products. In addition, when manufacturing multiple types of products, due to the high demand of common and non-common parts, which is applicable to vario...

OBJECTIVES Hair coloring products are widely used and contain components that are mutagenic and carcinogenic. An association between occupational exposure to hair coloring products and hematopoietic cancers has been reported, but the risk for these cancers among users has not been carefully evaluated. METHODS We conducted a population-based, case-control study with telephone interviews from 3...

This paper surveys methods to represent logic functions by cascades. First, a design method for multi-rail cascades with redundant inputs is shown. It uses logic minimization of SOPs (sumof-products expressions) or ESOPs (EXOR sum-of-products expressions) of multiple-valued inputs. Then, a design method for multi-rail cascades with irredundant inputs is shown. It uses functional decompositions ...

BACKGROUND Simultaneous or sequential exposure to multiple environmental stressors can affect chemical toxicity. Cumulative risk assessments consider multiple stressors but it is impractical to test every chemical combination to which people are exposed. New methods are needed to prioritize chemical combinations based on their prevalence and possible health impacts. OBJECTIVES We introduce an...

The advantage of ENVISAT ASAR over its predecessors, namely ERS-1 and ERS-2, as a land observation tool resides in its multiple polarization and multi-look angle capabilities. As a radar sensor the ASAR backscattering coefficient is sensitive to the moisture content of the scattering media and its geometrical properties (i.e. size, shape, roughness, and orientation). From the quantitative analy...

According to the two empirical observations about U.S. imports, endowments-driven ‘within-product specialization’ has been increasing. From the data analysis, both these observations are shown extending to the imports of Brazil, India and Japan. However, in this paper, our finding is focused on that two factors driving the classical observations. First, China is the dominant low-wage exporter o...