The conventional clinical and practical examination is overwhelmed with several problems. Although marking should depend only on student variability, patient (or in the case of practical experiment) variability and examiner variability significantly affect scoring. These defects of clinical and practical examinations have been realized for long and have given rise to attempts at improving the c...

The paper presents a new fuzzy agreement measure γf for determining the agreement in multi-label and subjective annotation task. In this annotation framework, one data item may belong to a category or a class with a belief value denoting the degree of confidence of an annotator in assigning the data item to that category. We have provided a notion of disagreement based on the belief values prov...

Abstract We consider a multi‐item buyer's make versus buy decision. The buyer sells two substitutable products with uncertain demand. Each product requires different item, which the procures from separate suppliers (one for each item) who offer quantity‐payment contracts under asymmetric information. can one of items but not both. compare expected profit between buying both and making item (and...