The theory of uniquely decipherable (UD) codes has been widely developed in connection with automata theory, combinatorics on words, formal languages, and monoid theory. Recently, the concepts ofmultiset decipherable (MSD) and set decipherable (SD) codes were developed to handle some special problems in the transmission of information. Unique decipherability is a vital requirement in a wide ran...

How cells sense their mechanical environment and transduce forces into biochemical signals is a crucial yet unresolved question in mechanobiology. Platelets use receptor glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), specifically its α subunit (GPIbα), to signal as they tether and translocate on von Willebrand factor (VWF) of injured arterial surfaces against blood flow. Force elicits catch bonds to slow VWF-GPIbα di...

BACKGROUND Occupation is one of the major parts of our daily lives that might cause a great amount of stress. Stress and job burnout are linked together. The association between musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and burnout syndrome as a psychosocial factor was investigated previously. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the role of occupational stress and burnout in musculoskeleta...

Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), a severe autosomal recessive disease is caused by mutations in the sulfatase modifying factor 1 gene (Sumf1). We have previously shown that in the Sumf1 knockout mouse model (Sumf1(-/-)) sulfatase activities are completely absent and, similarly to MSD patients, this mouse model displays growth retardation and early mortality. The severity of the phenotype ma...

Brownian dynamics of a self-propelled particle in linear shear flow is studied analytically by solving the Langevin equation and in simulation. The particle has a constant propagation speed along a fluctuating orientation and is additionally subjected to a constant torque. In two spatial dimensions, the mean trajectory and the mean square displacement (MSD) are calculated as functions of time t...

In this article, we focus on structural and spectral properties of minimal strong digraphs (MSDs). We carry out a comparative study of properties of MSDs versus trees. This analysis includes two new properties. The rst one gives bounds on the coe cients of characteristic polynomials of trees (double directed trees), and conjectures the generalization of these bounds to MSDs. As a particular cas...

This paper discusses a hidden Markov model (HMM) based on multi-space probability distribution (MSD). The HMMs are widelyused statistical models to characterize the sequence of speech spectra and have successfully been applied to speech recognition systems. From these facts, it is considered that the HMM is useful for modeling pitch patterns of speech. However, we cannot apply the conventional ...

Z-trim is a zero calorie cellulosic fiber biopolymer produced from corn hulls. The micro-structural heterogeneities of Z-trim biopolymer were investigated by monitoring the thermally driven displacements of well-dispersed micro-spheres via video fluorescence microscopy named multiple-particle tracking (MPT). By comparing the distribution of the time-dependent mean-square displacement (MSD) of p...

The minimum shift design problem (MSD) is a scheduling problem that commonly arises in workforce management activities. Given a collection of shifts and workforce requirements, the problem consists in finding a minimum cardinality set of work shifts, and the number of workers to assign to each shift, in order to meet (or minimize the deviation from) prespecified staff requirements. This problem...