In this article, we focus on structural and spectral properties of minimal strong digraphs (MSDs). We carry out a comparative study of properties of MSDs versus trees. This analysis includes two new properties. The rst one gives bounds on the coe cients of characteristic polynomials of trees (double directed trees), and conjectures the generalization of these bounds to MSDs. As a particular cas...

This paper discusses a hidden Markov model (HMM) based on multi-space probability distribution (MSD). The HMMs are widelyused statistical models to characterize the sequence of speech spectra and have successfully been applied to speech recognition systems. From these facts, it is considered that the HMM is useful for modeling pitch patterns of speech. However, we cannot apply the conventional ...

Z-trim is a zero calorie cellulosic fiber biopolymer produced from corn hulls. The micro-structural heterogeneities of Z-trim biopolymer were investigated by monitoring the thermally driven displacements of well-dispersed micro-spheres via video fluorescence microscopy named multiple-particle tracking (MPT). By comparing the distribution of the time-dependent mean-square displacement (MSD) of p...

The minimum shift design problem (MSD) is a scheduling problem that commonly arises in workforce management activities. Given a collection of shifts and workforce requirements, the problem consists in finding a minimum cardinality set of work shifts, and the number of workers to assign to each shift, in order to meet (or minimize the deviation from) prespecified staff requirements. This problem...

Participatory ergonomics projects are traditionally applied within one organisation. In this study, a participative approach was applied across the New Zealand meat processing industry, involving multiple organisations and geographical regions. The purpose was to develop interventions to reduce musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk. This paper considers the value of an industry level participator...

Following a musculoskeletal injury to a nurse caring for a patient undergoing continuous bladder irrigation procedures, a workplace project was instigated. The project aimed to provide a more in-depth assessment of the manual handling task, by using four different tools and a participatory ergonomics approach. Each MSD tool confirmed the MSD risk. An evaluation survey by the eight workers invol...

Most aircraft fleets nowadays are operating under the concept of damage tolerance, which requires an aircraft to have sufficient residual strength in the presence of damage in one of its principal structural elements (PSE) during the interval of service inspections. The residual strength however is significantly reduced due to multi site damage (MSD). In the present paper, a probabilistic frame...

An easy to implement modulus-squared Dirichlet (MSD) boundary condition is formulated for numerical simulations of time-dependent complex partial differential equations in multidimensional settings. The MSD boundary condition approximates a constant modulus-squared value of the solution at the boundaries and is defined as ∂Ψ ∂t |b ≈ i Im[ 1 Ψb−1 ∂Ψ ∂t |b−1] Ψb, where Ψ is the complex field and ...

This paper predicts hit songs based on musical features from MIDI files. The task is modeled as a binary classification problem optimizing for precision, with Billboard ranking as labels. Million Song Dataset (MSD) is inspected audibly, visually, and with a logistic regression model. MSD features is determined too noisy for the task. MIDI files encodes pitch duration as separate instrument trac...