Nearby retinal ganglion cells often fire action potentials in near synchrony. We have investigated the circuit mechanisms that underlie these correlations by recording simultaneously from many ganglion cells in the salamander retina. During spontaneous activity in darkness, three types of correlations were distinguished: broad (firing synchrony within 40-100 ms), medium (10-50 ms), and narrow (...

A protocol for micropropagation of Boswellia ovalifoliolata Bal & Henry (Burseraceae) was developed using cotyledonary nodal explant on Murashige and Skoog modified medium (MS). A comparative study of micropropagation with 6-benzyladenine, kinetin and thidiazuron along with 1-naphthalene acetic acid (0.054 microM) was conducted. The highest shoot multiplication (7.1 +/- 0.2 shoots per node) was...

Lallemantia iberica (Bieb.) Fisch. and C. A. Mey is high valued annual ornamental and medicinal plant from Lamiaceae family that prefers dry sunny hillsides, roadsides, slopes, and fallow fields over an altitude of 500-2150 m. It bears beautiful white flowers and bloom from April to June each year. This study reports L. iberica micropropagation using cotyledon node explants isolated from 15-day...

This study describes the standardization of an efficient in vitro propagation and hardening procedure for obtaining plantlets from shoot tips of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Hemp seedlings were germinated on half-strength 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 10 g·Lsucrose, 5.5 g·Lagar at a pH of 6.8 under light for 16 h per day. MS medium containing 0.2 mg·LTDZ, 0.1 mg·LNAA supported the maximal auxil...

An efficient and reproducible procedure was established for direct shoot regeneration of Solanum surattense Bum. using internodal explants. The shoot regeneration efficiency on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6benzylaminopurine (BAP) was superior in compared to 6furfurylaminopurine (Kn). The highest mean number of shoots per explant was recorded on MS medium containing 0.5 mgl...

In this study, studies were conducted to optimize callus and suspension culture methods for in vitro mutation breeding purple orange carrots. Following this, the developed mutant lines subjected salt stress selection. The study determined optimal agar dose. first germination, 50% root-cotyledon formation genuine leaf carrot seedlings analyzed daily which was continued with 7g/L cotyledon hypoco...

In vitro propagation of rose has played a very important role in rapid multiplication of species with desirable traits and production of healthy and disease-free plants. Micropropagation using nodal segments of Rosa canina under different combinations of BAP, GA3 and NAA on MS and VS, medium was investigated. The results showed that the highest shoot proliferation was obtained on VS medium cont...

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) protoplasts were isolated from the cells of a suspension culture or calli with a solution of Cellulase, Pectinase and Hemicellulase and embedded in Ca-alginate beads. They were cultured with or without nurse cells in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and 6-benzylaminopurine at 25°C. After several changes of medium, cell-clusters appeared on the surface of the Ca-algi...

Objective: n present study effect of various factors including sucrose, agar, PEG, AgNO3, activated charcoal on somatic embryo induction and its subsequent regeneration was investigated using varieties Dom siah and Nemat. Methods: 330 explant (Mature embryos) of each varieties were cultured, 33/plate (100 x 15 mm), on callus induction Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Sk...