Despite the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, the relative contribution of different biological components (e.g. lipids and proteins) to structural MRI contrasts (e.g., T1, T2, T2*, proton density, diffusion) remains incompletely understood. This limitation can undermine the interpretation of clinical MRI and hinder the development of new contrast mechanisms. Here...

BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc herniation has two common types, extrusion and protrusion, which may affect the adjacent vertebrae.In addition, it is associated with significant signal changes in T1 MRI (short TR/TE) and T2 MRI (long TR/TE). METHODS The present study is a cross-sectional analytic one, in which sampling was performed retrospectively. Cases were randomly selected from the patien...

OBJECTIVES Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is a serious complication after fracture of long bones. The mortality rate of CFE may be high. However, recent progress in treatment may decrease the mortality. We studied the validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and grade severity of CFE in 11 patients with CFE. METHODS Glasgow Coma Scale score, PaO2, PaCO2 at the onset, and minimal he...

Background: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). In clinical trials, MRI has been found to detect treatment effects with greater sensitivity than clinical measures; however, clinical and MRI outcomes tend to correlate poorly. Methods: In this observational study, patients (n = 550; 18-50 years; relapsing-remitting MS...

BACKGROUND Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). In clinical trials, MRI has been found to detect treatment effects with greater sensitivity than clinical measures; however, clinical and MRI outcomes tend to correlate poorly. METHODS In this observational study, patients (n = 550; 18-50 years; relapsing-remitting MS...

INTRODUCTION: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterised by the presence of lesions in white matter (WML), which appear hyper-intense on proton density (PD) and T2-weighted MRI scans. Histological examination has shown that the tissue damage underlying PD/T2 hyper-intense WML is heterogeneous and reflects various pathological features (e.g. inflammation, axonal loss, demyelination). However, this...

A 9-year-old girl presented with a firm occipital swelling. She had multiple café-au-lait lesions without other clinical features or family history of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). MRI showed subcutaneous soft tissue mass in the left occipitotemporal region with “target sign” suggestive of plexiform neurofibroma (figure 1). There were supra and infratentorial T2-weighted hyperintense lesions,...

Background Iron toxicity is key factor for tissue damage in ironoverloaded patients, with induced heart failure as the main cause of death. T2*-weighted MRI has been established as the method of choice for evaluating iron-content with strong correlation with biopsy, where T2* < 20 ms and T2* < 10 ms at 1.5T indicate iron overload and severe iron overload, respectively. Recently-introduced duale...

Methods Fifty-one patients (40 men) underwent 3T cardiac MRI both at 18±10 days and 7.7±1.1 months after an acute MI, including: 3 short-axis slices of T2-weighted fat-suppressed BBTSE, LV function assessment by SSFP and LGE imaging. Area of hyperintensity on T2 images was assessed by a semi-automated method using a threshold of mean signal intensity in the remote ROI ± 2 SD and by manual traci...