BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transgene introgression from crops into wild relatives may increase the resistance of wild plants to herbicides, insects, etc. The chance of transgene introgression depends not only on the rate of hybridization and the establishment of hybrids in local wild populations, but also on the metapopulation dynamics of the wild relative. The aim of the study was to estimate gene fl...

Current paradigm suggests that spatial and temporal competition for resources limit an exotic invader, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), which once established, alters fire regimes and can result in annual grass dominance in sagebrush steppe. Prescribed fire and fire surrogate treatments (mowing, tebuthiuron, and imazapic) are used to reduce woody fuels and increase resistance to exotic annuals,...

Activities of transhumance ongoing have been mostly carried out in alpine pastures for centuries in Turkey. These pastures used unconsciously have faced to the danger of extinction. In order to implement improvement plans in the mentioned areas, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pastures should be determined. This study was conducted in the mowed and grazed pastures in alpine zone...

Herbaceous vegetation comprises the main habitat type in cool-seasons grasslands and can be managed by various methods. We compared changes in plant communities and bird and mammal use of grasslands that were not managed, managed by mechanical methods (mowing), or managed by chemical methods (plant growth regulator). This 1-year study was conducted from May through October 2003 in Erie County, ...

BACKGROUND In the summer of 2000, an outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia occurred on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. The only previously reported outbreak of pneumonic tularemia in the United States also occurred on the island in 1978. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of adults with pneumonic tularemia and investigated the environment to identify risk factors for primary pneumo...

Combining natural saltmarsh habitats with conventional barriers can provide a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for fully engineered flood protection, provided that minimal salt marsh width be guaranteed long period. Hence, it is essential to understand both the key factors management options driving lateral erodibility/stability of marshes. We aimed determine how (i.e. grazing by larg...

Pesticide usage on public school grounds is a concern in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Our objective was to determine how variations primary cultural management practices (mowing, fertilization, and irrigation), absence of herbicide applications, can affect turfgrass quality, weed populations. Three experiments were conducted over three years at OSU Lewis-Brown Horticulture Farm Corvallis, OR mix...

Accurate approaches to aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation are required support appraisal of the effectiveness land use measures, which seek protect grazing-adapted grasslands atop Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). This methodological study assesses one commonly used visible band vegetation index, Red Green Blue Vegetation Index (RGBVI), obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in estimating AG...

Abstract The invasive vine black swallowwort [ Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench = Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi, Apocynaceae] is difficult to control, and herbicide studies are lacking. This long-lived perennial species primarily found in high-light environments natural areas cropping systems northeastern North America. We conducted a 3-yr efficacy study, with or without mowing, an old...

The European vines pale swallowwort and black swallowwort are invading various habitats in northeastern North America. It is unclear how these plants might respond to potential biological control agents, as they experience little herbivore damage in North America, or longer durations of mowing given the reported lack of efficacy of mechanical control. We evaluated the effect of six seasons of a...