A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols, and climate M. Kulmala, T. Suni, K. E. J. Lehtinen, M. Dal Maso, M. Boy, A. Reissell 2, , Ü. Rannik, P. Aalto, P. Keronen, H. Hakola, J. Bäck, T. Hoffmann, T. Vesala, and P. Hari University of Helsinki, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sahaajankatu 20 E, ...

S. Komssi, H.J. Aronen, M. Kesäniemi, L. Soinne, V.V. Nikouline, M. Ollikainen, R.O. Roine, J. Huttunen, J. Karhu, S. Savolainen, and R.J. Ilmoniemi Department. of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, Medical Engineering Centre, P.O. Box 442, FIN-00029 HUS, Finland; Departments of Radiology, Neurology Clinical Neurophysiology...

Increased interest in using zebrafish as a model organism has led to a resurgence of fin regeneration studies. This has allowed for the identification of a large number of gene families, including signaling molecules and transcription factors, which are expressed during regeneration. However, in cases where no specific inhibitor is available for the gene product of interest, determination of a ...

Two new species of the gobiid genus Cabillus, C. nigromarginatus sp. nov. and Cabillus nigrostigmus sp. nov. are described. Cabillus nigromarginatus (from Rodrigues, Western Indian Ocean) is distinguished from congeners by having 18-20 pectoral-fin rays; predorsal area naked; two scales with enlarged ctenii ventrally and dorsally at the caudal-fin base; head with anterior and posterior oculosca...

Vertebrate forelimbs arise as bilateral appendages from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Mutants in aldh1a2 (raldh2), an embryonically expressed gene encoding a retinoic acid (RA)-synthesizing enzyme, have been used to show that limb development and patterning of the limb bud are crucially dependent on RA signaling. However, the timing and cellular origin of RA signaling in these processes hav...

Locomotion relies on a precisely timed activation of sets of motoneurons. A fundamental question is how this is achieved. In the lamprey, fin and myotomal motoneurons located on the same side of the spinal cord display alternating activity during straight swimming. The neural mechanism underlying this alternation is studied here during fictive locomotion induced by superfusion with NMDA, or loc...

Bony fish swim with a level of agility that is unmatched in human-developed systems. This is due, in part, to the ability of the fish to carefully control hydrodynamic forces through the active modulation of the fins' kinematics and mechanical properties. To better understand how fish produce and control forces, biorobotic models of the bluegill sunfish's (Lepomis macrochirus) caudal fin and pe...

This paper describes the design and optimization of gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs structures. The optimum value of Fin width and Fin height are investigated for superior subthreshold behavior. Also the performance of Fin shaped GAA with gate oxide HfO2 are simulated and compared with conventional gate oxide SiO2 for the same structure. As a result, it was observed that the GAA with high K diele...

We report the outcome of 19 children aged 5.2 to 13.2 years with 20 fractures of the femoral shaft requiring surgery, who were randomly assigned to have external fixation (EF) or flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) (10 fractures each). The duration of the operation averaged 56 minutes for the EF group with 1.4 minutes of fluoroscopy, compared with 74 minutes and 2.6 minutes, respectively, for...

Morphometric changes in the Ussurian bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, and the Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, were observed during the early period of growth. Yolk length, yolk height, and yolk volume in the two species decreased within 9 days post-hatching (DPH) (p<0.05). The body lengths and body heights of both species increased gradually to 150 and 130 DPH, respectively (p<0.05)....