Inhalation tests with histamine or methacholine are useful in clinical practice and research to determine the level of bronchial responsiveness. The factors which influence the dose deposited in the lung must, however, be regulated so that the results can be accuarately interpreted. In the method introduced by DeVries et al' and modified by Cockcroft and coworkers2 the aerosol is generated cont...

The delivery of an aerosolized drug to a child is a complex process requiring an interaction between parent, child, and inhalation device. Recent studies have shown that the facemask can be a key factor affecting aerosol delivery, particularly the influence of leaks between the facemask and the face. To further quantify these effects and design around them, we have developed a bench model consi...

BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of malocclusions represents a secular trend attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The analysis of factors related to the causes of these changes is essential for planning public health policies aimed at preventing and clinically intercepting malocclusion. This study investigated the sucking habits, nocturnal mouth breathing, as w...

The role of the inspiratory and expiratory airflow through nostrils during the process of breathing in the reflex reciprocal congestion and decongestion of the nasal cycle was examined in this study. Air flow through each nostril was measured separately in male subjects before and after four types of breathing practices for 15 min each consisting of (1) inspiration through the patent nostril an...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the transverse and vertical dimensions of the palate of children with allergic rhinitis (ar). there was no significant difference for intermolar and intercanine distances between two groups in primary and mixed dentitions. palate depth in children with allergic rhinitis was statistically more than in children without any respiratory disease. cross bite ...