subalpine rangeland as a rara avis ecosystem is very important because ofecological features. consistency and resistance of this ecosystem is so frangible and itsnatural equilibrium is instable due to the effects of biotic and abiotic factors. the landslideas one of negative consequences in upland area is seen in masoleh watershed (north ofiran). this study has investigated the roles of biotic ...

Painters and cartographers have developed artistic landscape rendering techniques for centuries. Such renderings can visualize complex three-dimensional landscapes in a pleasing and understandable way. In this work we examine a particular type of artistic depiction, panorama maps, in terms of function and style, and we develop methods to automatically generate panorama map reminiscent rendering...

Rangeland climate services — knowledge resources that integrate information on to facilitate decision-making for ranchers and pastoralists have the potential sustainable decisions under variable conditions. Yet design of often fails fully address behavioral, cultural, social, institutional factors motivate or disincentivize end-users. Thus, we review how research risk uncertainty preferences, d...

negative impacts of gully erosion in marly areas are severe due to improper landuse practices such as irrigation, tillage, overgrazing and degradation of vegetation cover. the objective of this research was to evaluate gully thresholds related to plant vegetation cover and landuse change in the agriculture (ag), fair rangeland (fr) and weak rangeland (wr) areas of ghaasr-e-shirin, kermanshah, i...

A triply-nested, movable mesh model ..~as used to study the effects of mountainous terrain on the landfall of tropical cyclones onto the islands of Japan. The integration domain spanned 43" latitude and 47" longitude with finest resolution of 1/6". Numerical experiments were separately performed for three cas4~s. In each experiment a storm was embedded onto a stationary Haurwitz type wave at th...

Leafy spurge is an invasive Eurasian weed on pastures and rangeland in North America where it reduces grass forage production. Our objective was to determine the effects of multispecies grazing combined with Aphthona flea beetles on leafy spurge-infested rangeland. On two westernNorth Dakota sitesdivided into four25to79-hapastures, two grazingduration treatmentswere applied: season-long with 7 ...

Rangelands of China have for centuries provided forage for livestock but now their role in water, soil, and biodiversity conservation is being recognised by Governments and people. However, much of the rangelands has recently degraded anddesertification is nowawidespread problem.The cause of the degradation is over-grazing andover-cultivation. Climate change is exacerbating theproblem.TheChines...

Political instability (PI) occurs between governments and other political elites either at the local, regional, and/or national levels. Planning, implementing, monitoring of sustainable rangeland management strategies have a significant impact on environment an area. In this study, term PI implies unsafe unstable exercise power, is major obstacle to implementation management. The main purpose r...