Most of sensor MAC protocols have a fixed duty cycle, which performs poorly under the dynamic traffic condition observed in eventdriven sensor applications such as surveillance, fire detection, and objecttracking system. This paper proposes a traffic-aware MAC protocol which dynamically adjusts the duty cycle adapting to the traffic load. Our adaptive scheme operates on a tree topology, and nod...

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of novel vitreous cutter blades compared with the regular guillotine by means of particle image velocimetry. Tested blades included a regular blade (RB) and newer designs where a circular (hole blade [HB]) or a slit aperture (slit blade [SB]) had been opened proximal to the cutting edge. METHODS Twenty-three-gauge probes were immersed in BSS or egg albumen, and ...

BACKGROUND Safety analyses of transcranial therapeutic ultrasound procedures require knowledge of the dependence of the rupture probability and rupture time upon sonication parameters. As previous vessel-rupture studies have concentrated on a specific set of exposure conditions, there is a need for more comprehensive parametric studies. METHODS Probability of rupture and rupture times were me...

OBJECTIVE To examine the workload and work patterns of junior doctors of all grades while on call. DESIGN Pilot study of activity data self recorded by junior doctors, with the help of students during busy periods. SETTING A general surgical firm and a general medical firm based at University Hospital, Nottingham. SUBJECTS Four registrars, three senior house officers, and five preregistra...

In this work, Duty Cycled Sensor Multi Channel (DC-SMC) Medium Access Control (MAC) has been proposed for wireless sensor networks. The DC-SMC MAC uses a dedicated control channel and multiple data channels. The effective solution for the multi channel hidden terminal problem and missing receiver problem has been proposed in this work. The performance of the DC-SMC MAC has been compared with th...

The phrase "duty of care" is, at best, too vague and, at worst, ethically dangerous. The nature and scope of the duty need to be determined, and conflicting duties must be recognized and acknowledged. Duty of care is neither fixed nor absolute but heavily dependent on context. The normal risk level of the working environment, the healthcare worker's specialty, the likely harm and benefits of tr...

The characteristics of embedded pulse plasma using 60 MHz radio frequency as the source power and 2 MHz radio frequency as the bias power were investigated for the etching of SiO2 masked with an amorphous carbon layer (ACL) using an Ar/C4F8/O2 gas mixture. Especially, the effects of the different pulse duty ratio of the embedded dual-frequency pulsing between source power and bias power on the ...

The sensor networks consist of the smaller sensor nodes which automatically constructs the routes between themselves to form the data delivery paths.There are several methods of energy conservation such as clustering, routing, duty cycling and many others. The duty cycling or sleep wake cycling is incorporated for the minimization for energy consumption. The effective duty cycling procedure req...

Walking and running are two mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure during terrestrial locomotion. Duty factor, dimensionless speed, existence of an aerial phase, percentage recovery (PR) or phase shift of mechanical energy and shape of the vertical ground reaction force profile have been used to discriminate between walking and running. Although these criteria work well for the classifica...