Abstract Depression is one of the greatest current mental disorders. Depressive disorder may affect everyone and it causes difficulties in social functioning lead to death via suicide. a serious problem because number its cases increasing, especially after pandemic COVID-19. The oldest most approved theory which explains mechanism depression’s development monoamine hypothesis. Effectiveness ant...

the most important risk factors for anxiety disorders include genes, early life stress, and current stress. these factors do not act independently but interact with each other throughout human development through examples such as epigenetic modifications and complex forms of learning. the neural substrate of pathological anxiety includes hyperactivity in the amygdala and other limbic brain regi...