Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and cytokines may play a role in the development of MS lesions. Objective: To determine levels of different cytokines in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) compared to healthy controls. Methods: Profiles of pro-inflammatory, Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-related cytokines were compared by quantitative ...

traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability and death from injury in the world. the interleukin-1 (il-1) is a family of cytokines that act as key mediators of the inflammatory response peripherally and centrally. based on many studies, researchers found that the il-1 is the well-known molecule in relation to acute tbi in the models of both focal and diffuse injuries. the il-1 family...

background: asthma is the main reason of disability, health resource exploitation and low quality of life for those who are affected. it is estimated that nearly 300 million people in the world are suffering from asthma. studies have identified 18 genomic regions and more than 100 genes associated with asthma. among these candidate genes, il-17f plays a very interesting role in asthma. this stu...

background and aims:il-22 is an α-helical cytokine.il-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of il-10r2 and il-22r1subunits.il-22r is expressed on tissue cells and it is absent on immune cells.il-22 and il-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. the aim of this study was to investigat...

Background: Given the variations in clinical presentation and physiopathological mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtypes, it is an acknowledged fact that the response to treatments can be disparate. Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin D on inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-10, TNF-α), and biomarkers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde ...

background: previous studies have shown that some cytokines have protective effects on cartilage in joint diseases. in the current study, effects of il-4 against morphological changes and tissue degradation induced by il-1α on bovine nasal cartilage (bnc) explants were investigated. methods: fresh bnc samples were prepared from a slaughterhouse under sterile conditions. bnc explants culture was...

Radiation-induced lung injury is one of the most prominent factors that interfere with chest cancer radiotherapy, and poses a great threat to patients exposed to total body irradiation. Upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes is one of the main mechanisms through which the late effects of ionizing radiation on lung injury can be exerted. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are two important cytokines that...

The early cytokines production in response to live logarithmic and stationary phase promastigotes of Leishmania major was examined on the peripheral blood cells of the healthy individuals. Whole blood cultures were stimulated by either logarithmic or stationary phase promastigotes. IFN- and IL-10 productions were assessed by specific sandwich ELISA. The results showed that the logarithmic prom...