In MOND (modified Newtonian dynamics)-based theories the strong equivalence principle is generically broken in an idiosyncratic manner, manifested action of "external field effect (EFE)". The internal dynamics a self-gravitating system affected even by constant external field. disk galaxies EFE can induce warps and modify rotational speeds. Due to non-linearity MOND, it difficult derive analyti...

wild goat (capra aegagrus) is one of the most prominent mountain mammals dispersed in many habitats in iran. however, few studies on the relationship between this species and its habitat have been conducted. this species is recognized as one of the main food source for highly endangered species such as cheetah and leopard. in this study which lasted from fall 2009 through summer 2011, seasonal ...

We use Diaferio (1999)'s caustic method to identify the member stars of five dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies of the Milky Way, the smallest dark matter (DM) dominated systems in the Universe. We show that, after successful rejection of interlopers, the line-of-sight velocity dispersions are substantially smaller than previous calculations. With this, we use Jeans modelling to show that the DM ...

The aim of the present paper is to obtain a number of Kuhn-Tucker type sufficient optimality conditions for a feasible solution to be an efficient solution under the assumptions of the new notions of weak strictly pseudo quasi α-univex, strong pseudo quasi α-univex, and weak strictly pseudo α-univex vector valued functions. We also derive the duality theorems for Mond-Weir and general Mond-Wei...