The adage “a picture is worth a thousand words but a video is worth a million” was reinforced earlier this month when the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, and Bernard L. Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. This award brought none of the familiar controversies regarding whether the discovery honored was real...

Spliceosomes are multi-megadalton RNA-protein molecular machines that carry out pre-mRNA splicing, that is, the removal of non-coding intervening sequences (introns) from eukaryotic pre-mRNAs and the ligation of neighboring coding regions (exons) to produce mature mRNA for protein biosynthesis on the ribosome. They are the prototypes of dynamic molecular machines, assembling de novo for each sp...

this article addresses a multi-stage flowshop scheduling problem with equal number of unrelated parallel machines. the objective is to minimize the makespan for a given set of jobs in the system. this problem class is np-hard in the strong sense, so a hybrid heuristic method for sequencing and then allocating operations of jobs to machines is developed. a number of test problems are randomly ge...

Michael Behe’s concept of irreducible complexity, and in particular his use of this concept to critique Darwinism, continues to come under heavy fire from the biological community. The problem with Behe, so Darwinists inform us, is that he has created a problem where there is no problem. Far from constituting an obstacle to the Darwinian mechanism of random variation and natural selection, irre...

Contents Introduction 1 1 Submachine Concept 3 1.

Mere familiarity does not necessarily produce understanding. It is perfectly possible to know something (or someone!) all your life and still never really comprehend what you're dealing with. Like the Irishman in the old joke who received a brand-new toilet from his American cousins: He used the bowl for a foot washer, the lid for a breadboard, and the seat for a frame around the Pope's picture.