In this paper, a systematic approach is presented for optimal design of tunnel support lining using two-dimensional finite element analysis models of soil-structure interaction developed in ABAQUS software and the Modified Colliding Bodies Optimization (MCBO) algorithm implemented in MATLAB environment. This approach is then employed to study the influence of variable geometrical and geo-mechan...

1.1 Maximum Clique Problem Assume that the finite undirected simple graph is given, where V is the set of nodes, E is the set of edges. The arbitrary full graph is called a clique. The clique, which does not contain other cliques, is called a maximal Clique. The largest maximal clique is called a maximum clique. To extract all maximal cliques from the graph G. Many algorithms have...