we studied 11 gaps covered with beech saplings (< 1.30 m tall) in a reserve compartment (compartment 139, district one, langa forest, watershed 36: kazemrood) of the caspian beech forest in n iran. two transects, each 2 m wide, were laid along the longest (n-s) and shortest (e-w) axis of each gap. five micro sample plots, each 4 m2, were established: one at the center, and one at each corner. q...

Canopy gaps are one of the most important structural features of forest ecosystems, and studying of them can have useful results and implications for forest management. The aim of this study is investigation of characteristics and regeneration within canopy gaps in an intact beech stand in the Shastkalateh Experimental Forest of Hyrcanian region, north of Iran. All canopy gaps and related fores...

BACKGROUND Psychological disorders arising from bullying at work (BW) are common. The relationship between these disorders and putative markers is not well established. AIMS To measure saliva dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and saliva cortisol as putative markers in individuals suffering from BW. METHODS Forty one subjects suffering from BW were screened for mental distress at the i...

Effects of sand versus sawdust as a litter bath substrate in furnished cages for laying hens were studied. The study used 112 Hy-Line White (HYW) and 140 Hy-Line Brown (HYB) layers housed in 18 furnished cages with 14 hens in each cage, generating 4 or 5 replicates per combination of genotype and litter substrate. Traits studied were mortality, feather cover, hygiene of hens, pecking wounds, he...

Agricultural non-point pollution is the biggest source in China from 2009, treatment of agricultural surface runoff very important to mitigate eutrophication rivers and lakes because one key type pollution. In this study, farmland Chengdu Plain was treated for year (2017 ~ 2018) by combination technology new material (waste fir Hemlock sawdust as substrate) bioreactor denitrification Vertical-f...

There are few data on fine root biomass and morphology change in relation to stand age. Based on chronosequences for beech (9-140 years old), oak (11-140 years) and alder (4-76 years old) we aimed to examine how stand age affects fine root biomass and morphology. Soil cores from depths of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm were used for the study. In contrast to previously published studies that suggested th...

This paper deals with application of polyaniline coated on wood sawdust for removal ofmethylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Polyaniline coated onto sawdust (termedas PAn/SD) was prepared via direct chemical polymerization onto sawdust which waspreviously soaked in the monomer (aniline) solution in acidic (HC1) media. Adsorptionexperiments were carried out using batch system. The effec...

abstract to study the effects of four types of mulches including wood chips, municipal compost, sawdust and gravel in three different thicknesses on growth of platanus orientalis during two years, an experiment was conducted in mashhad area with semi-arid climate. the research was conducted as split plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. treatments included c...