نتایج جستجو برای: mk801
تعداد نتایج: 279 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
PURPOSE Retinal prosthetic devices are being developed to bypass degenerated retinal photoreceptors by directly activating retinal neurons with electrical stimulation. However, little is known about retinal activity during such stimulation. METHODS Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from ganglion and bipolar cells in the salamander retinal slice preparation. A stimulating electro...
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are tetrameric amino acid receptors which act as membrane calcium channels. The presence of the receptor has been detected in the principal organs responsible for calcium homeostasis (kidney and bone), pointing to a possible role in mineral metabolism. In the present work, the presence of the receptor was determined in normal parathyroid glands (PTG) by re...
1. Caspases, key enzymes in the apoptosis pathway, have been detected in the brain of HD patients and in animal models of the disease. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective properties of a new, reversible, caspase-3-specific inhibitor, M826 (3-([(2S)-2-[5-tert-butyl-3-[[(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]amino]-2-oxopyrazin-1(2H)-yl]butanoyl]amino)-5-[hexyl(methyl)amino]-...
Under some conditions, synaptically released glutamate can exert long-range actions in the cortical microcircuitry. To what extent glutamate spillover leads to direct cross talk among individual synapses remains unclear. We recorded NMDAR-mediated EPSCs in acute hippocampal slices at 35 degrees C by stimulating two independent pathways that converge on the same CA1 pyramidal cell. Activation of...
Mitochondria show extensive movement along neuronal processes, but the mechanisms and function of this movement are not clearly understood. We have used high-resolution confocal microscopy to simultaneously monitor movement of mitochondria and changes in intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)) in rat cortical neurons. A significant percentage (27%) of the total mitochondria in cortical neuronal pr...
Several studies have reported the coupling of dopamine signaling to phospholipase C β (PLCβ) both in vitro and in vivo. However, the precise physiological relevance of this signaling pathway in mediating dopamine behaviors is still unclear. Here we report that stimulation of dopamine receptor signaling in vivo with systemic administration of apomorphine, amphetamine, and cocaine leads to increa...
The term "metaplasticity" refers to the modulation of the ability to induce synaptic plasticity of the form of long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) following prior activation of the synapses. While often electrophysiological manipulations are used to demonstrate this phenomenon, prior behavioral manipulations such as exposure to stress were also found to affect the ability...
Our laboratory once reported that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) S-nitrosylation was decreased in rat hippocampus during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. In this study, we show that nNOS activity is dynamically regulated by S-nitrosylation. We found that overexpressed nNOS in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells could be S-nitrosylated by exogenou...
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with symptoms including headache, dizziness, and syncope. The incidence of OH increases with age. Attenuation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) is also associated with an increased incidence of OH. In order to understand the pathophysiology of OH, we investigated the physiological characteristics of the VSR in the disorder. We applied sodium nit...
A brief exposure to high concentrations of glutamate kills cultured forebrain neurons by an excitotoxic process that is dependent on Ca2+ influx through the NMDA receptor. In this study, we have measured striking changes in mitochondrial function during and immediately after intense glutamate receptor activation. Using indo-1 microfluorometry and a specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca...
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