Local emissions of SF6 are of interest for studying their impact on the use of SF6 as a groundwater-dating tool near source regions as well as for investigating the spatial distributions of (inert) gaseous compounds spreading from urban or industrial centers. A precondition for the use of SF6 in such studies is the capability to document the temporal and spatial evolution of SF6 in and around s...

For meaningful assessment of results from laboratory and pilot plant trials, it is often necessary to know the mixing characteristics within the ultrasonic reactors. Previous workers have used conductivity measurements in an attempt to characterize the residence time distribution in ultrasonic reactors, but these results do not provide direct data on the mixing within the high power region adja...

In the stratified ocean, vertical motions arise from both adiabatic and diabatic mechanisms. Diapycnal advection is the vertical component of flow across an isopycnal surface which occurs when mixing produces a divergent flux of buoyancy. Buoyancy forcing of the lateral flow by vortex stretching occurs when diapycnal advection rates vary with depth. Microstructure observations of enhanced turbu...

We perform a phenomenological analysis of neutrino oscillation in a four generation framework introducing an additional sterile neutrino. In such a scenario, more than one pattern is possible that can accommodate three hieararchically different mass squared differences as required by the present experiments. We considered two different spectrums. Choosing the ∆ms in the ranges suitable for the ...

Mixing patterns inside a simulated flat bottom digester were imaged using the non-invasive techniques of computer automated radioactive particle tracking (CARPT) and computed tomography (CT). Mixing/agitation was provided using gas (air) recirculation at three different flow rates (Q(g)) of 28.32, 56.64 and 84.96 l/h, corresponding to superficial gas velocities of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075 cm/s, re...

In hybrid laser–MIG keyhole welding, anti-crack elements can be added into the weld pool through a filler metal in anticipation of compensating mass loss, preventing porosity formation and improving compositional and mechanical properties of the welds. Understanding the mixing and diffusion of the filler metal in the molten pool is vital to achieve these desired objectives. In this study, mathe...