General quantum mechanical state of neutrinos produced by mechanisms beyond the Standard Model is discussed. Only in the case of relativistic neutrinos and the Standard Model left-handed charge current interaction, neutrino state is pure and described by Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata-Pontecorvo unitary mixing matrix. The problem of Wigner spin rotation, caused by Lorentz transformation from the rest pro...

We consider the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism reproducing the observed mass hierarchies and mixing angles for quarks and leptons. The large νμ-ντ mixing suggested from recent Superkamiokande experiments on the atmospheric neutrinos implies lopsided FN U(1) charges for the lepton doublets. There are two possible charge assignments to generate the large νμ-ντ mixing. We point out that the two m...

The liquid-phase enthalpy of mixing for Al–Tb alloys is measured for 3, 5, 8, 10, and 20 at% Tb at selected temperatures in the range from 1364 to 1439 K. Methods include isothermal solution calorimetry and isoperibolic electromagnetic levitation drop calorimetry. Mixing enthalpy is determined relative to the unmixed pure (Al and Tb) components. The required formation enthalpy for the Al3Tb pha...