The conversion of glycerol into high value products, such as hydrogen gas and 1,3-propanediol (PD), was examined using anaerobic fermentation with heat-treated mixed cultures. Glycerol fermentation produced 0.28 mol-H(2)/mol-glycerol (72 mL-H(2)/g-COD) and 0.69 mol-PD/mol-glycerol. Glucose fermentation using the same mixed cultures produced more hydrogen gas (1.06 mol-H(2)/mol-glucose) but no P...

The Viewpoint by Ran Arieli published below addresses the topic of the physiology of “mixed-gas diving.” You are invited to submit a brief commentary on this Viewpoint, which will be reviewed by Journal editors for possible publication in the Journal of Applied Physiology. Please limit your comment to 250 words and 5 peer-reviewed published references. NON-AIR OR MIXED-GAS DIVING was developed ...

BACKGROUND The authors have developed a new clinical bymixer that bypasses a constant fraction of gas flow through a mixing arm. A separate bymixer was interposed in the expiratory and inspiratory limbs of the ventilation circuit to measure mixed gas fractions. By utilizing nitrogen conservation, the clinical bymixer allows the determination of airway carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2) and oxyge...

Divers and hyperbaric chamber attendants breathe hyperbaric air routinely. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)) is used therapeutically frequently. Although much is understood about the hemodynamic physiology and gas exchange effects during hyperbaric air and HBO(2) exposure, arterial and pulmonary arterial (PA) catheter data, including blood gas values during hyperbaric air and HBO(2) exposure of normal...

Synthesis--particularly by electrochemical anodization-, growth mechanism and chemical sensing properties of pure, doped and mixed titania tubular arrays are reviewed. The first part deals on how anodization parameters affect the size, shape and morphology of titania nanotubes. In the second part fabrication of sensing devices based on titania nanotubes is presented, together with their most no...

We present a solution algorithm for problems from steady-state gas transport optimization. Due to nonlinear and nonconvex physics and engineering models as well as discrete controllability of active network devices, these problems lead to hard nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear optimization models. The proposed method is based on mixed-integer linear techniques using piecewise linear relaxations...

We consider the coulomb gas model on the upper half plane with different boundary conditions, namely Drichlet, Neuman and mixed. We related this model to SLE(κ, ρ) theories. We derive a set of conditions connecting the total charge of the coulomb gas, the boundary charges, the parameters κ and ρ. Also we study a free fermion theory in presence of a boundary and show with the same methods that i...