We reviewed the M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms of 100 consecutive patients with rheumatic heart disease. All were subsequently studied by cardiac catheterization and angiography. In four patients, cardiac catheterization showed tricuspid stenosis (average mean diastolic gradient 6.2 mm Hg), which was confirmed during cardiac surgery. M-mode echocardiography showed a diminished EF sl...

Accessory mitral valve tissue is an extremely rare congenital cardiac anomaly of embryologic development of the endocardial cushion. This anomaly is often associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). A 26-year-old pregnant female was referred to our Department of Cardiology with exertional shortness of breath and tachycardia. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogr...

results of the 41 patients with dcm, echocardiography examination revealed 11 patients (27%) without mitral regurgitation and 12 (29%) with mild, 11 (27%) with moderate, and seven (17%) with severe mitral regurgitation. all of the morphological and functional parameters of left ventricle, atrium and mitral valve in dcm patients were greater than those in healthy subjects (all p < 0.05), except ...

Patients with valvular heart disease often have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms for diastolic dysfunction in patients with mitral and aortic valve disease. In addition to load, intrinsic myocardial abnormalities occur related to changes in sarcomeric proteins, abnormal calcium handling, and fibrosis. Echocardiography is the initial modali...

were selected according to age, sex, cardiac rhythm, and mode of operation, the mitral valve area (MVA) was determined by cardiac catheterization in 32 patients before and 1 year following closed mitral valvotomy. There was a significantly greater increase in MVA in female patients, younger patients, and patients with sinus rhythm than in males, patients over 45 years of age, and patients with ...

BACKGROUND It has been proposed recently that measuring the flow convergence region proximal to an orifice by Doppler flow mapping can provide a means of calculating regurgitant flow rate. Although verified in experimental models, this approach is difficult to validate clinically because there is no ideal gold standard for regurgitant flows in patients. However, this method also can be used to ...

An association has been claimed between mitral valve prolapse and the neuroses, especially the anxiety states, panic disorders, and agoraphobia. In this study 103 patients with echocardiographically confirmed mitral valve prolapse were tested with the Eysenck Personality Inventory for neuroticism and with the General Health Questionnaire for the presence of neurotic symptoms. The scores for neu...

The complex anatomy of mitral valve demands precise and sophisticated imaging during any intervention .Transesophageal echocardiography has been the most frequently used modality. With the advent of three-dimensional echocardiography a more comprehensive description of the mitral valve is now possible. This review aims to discuss the framework for imaging the mitral valve by three-dimensional e...

In mitral stenosis (MS) the interval between the second sound and the opening snap (A2-OS) is known to shorten, while the interval between the onset of the QRS and the first sound (Q-M1) lengthens with smaller mitral valve orifice size and higher left atrial pressures. Because M1 and OS are temporally related to the C and E points on the mitral valve echogram, respectively, the ratio of Q-C to ...

Twelve cases of endocardial cushion defect were studied before and after operation with ultrasono-cardiotomography (tomography) cross-sectional echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, B-scan echocardiography) and M-mode scan along a horizontal section of the heart. For comparison, 20 healthy subjects, 18 cases of mitral valvular disease, 4 cases of congestive cardiomyopathy, 1 case ...