Background: Scoliosis is the most common type of spinal deformity. A universal and standard method for evaluating scoliosis is Cobb angle measurement, but several studies have shown that there is intra- and inter- observer variation in measuring cobb angle manually.Objective: Develop a computer- assisted system to decrease operator-dependent errors in Cobb angle measurement.Methods: The spinal ...

The aim of this study is to develop a program compare directional survey models and select the most accurate. When drilling well, actual route well must be regularly checked ensure that it in agreement with planned route. This done by measuring position at constant intervals. A was established used for five methods (Minimum Curvature, Tangential, Angle Averaging, Balanced Radius Curvature) path...

let $c$ be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real hilbert space $h$. let ${s_n}$ and ${t_n}$ be sequences of nonexpansive self-mappings of $c$, where one of them is a strongly nonexpansive sequence. k. aoyama and y. kimura introduced the iteration process $x_{n+1}=beta_nx_n+(1-beta_n)s_n(alpha_nu+(1-alpha_n)t_nx_n)$ for finding the common fixed point of ${s_n}$ and ${t_n}$, where $uin c$ is ...

In this work, we present an adaptive high-order minimum action method for dynamical systems perturbed by small noise. We use the hp finite element method to approximate the minimal action path and nonlinear conjugate gradient method to solve the optimization problem given by the Freidlin–Wentzell least action principle. The gradient of the discrete action functional is obtained through the func...

The application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to the study of ultrathin organic films adsorbed onto gold surfaces utilizing near-infrared (NIR) excitation from a Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer is described. The FT-SPR experiment measures the NIR reflectivity spectrum from a prism/gold film/water assembly at a fixed angle of incidence approximately 1-2° greater than the cr...

BACKGROUND The physiological and hemodynamic features of bridging veins involve wall shear stress (WSS) of the cerebral venous system. Based on the data of cadavers and computational fluid dynamics software pack, the hemodynamic physical models of bridging veins (BVs) connecting superior sagittal sinus (SSS) were established. RESULTS A total of 137 BVs formed two clusters along the SSS: anter...

The Dubins interval problem aims to find the shortest path of bounded curvature between two targets such that the departure angle from the first target and the arrival angle at the second target are constrained to two respective intervals. We propose a new and a simple algorithm to this problem based on the minimum principle of Pontryagin.

BACKGROUND Management of moderately displaced slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is debated, mostly because of the risks related to open reduction on one hand, and subsequent evolution toward femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) on the other. METHOD All SCFE cases treated with in situ fixation (ISF) and a minimum of ten years of follow-up beyond skeletal maturity were analysed in a retros...

Methods for multibody modelling and simulation should accurately replicate the dynamic behaviour of rail-wheel interface including precise values for wheel-rail contact positions. This paper studies the development of a novel 3-D wheel-rail contact model which is used for dynamic simulation of a suspended wheelset with parameters listed for a typical Mark IV coach. The contact point locations o...