Gymnema sylvestre (Retc.) R. Br. belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, having medicinal values selected for the present study, as it is very common in Western Ghats of Maharashtra (India). It has a reputation in traditional systems of medicine as a stomachic, diuretic and as a remedy to control diabetes. Present investigation includes morphology, histology, quantitative microscopy and phytochem...

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to influence the performance of nonnative invasive plants in their introduced range has received increasing attention. The dependence of the invasive nonnative vine pale swallow-wort on AMF was studied in three greenhouse experiments. The aims of the present work were to (1) determine AMF colonization levels of field-collected pale swallow-wort ...

Threats to migratory animals can occur at multiple periods of the annual cycle that are separated by thousands of kilometres and span international borders. Populations of the iconic monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) of eastern North America have declined over the last 21 years. Three hypotheses have been posed to explain the decline: habitat loss on the overwintering grounds in Mexico, habi...