The 'satisfying' quality of a typical, current formula milk was compared with that of an earlier type with higher protein and mineral content in a double blind, cross over trial in 10 infants. There were no significant differences in the amount of crying or volume consumed which meant that there was a higher sodium and protein intake but no associated improvement in 'satisfaction'.

Caseins are essentially concentrated in the colloidal fraction of ruminant milks as highly hydrated and mineralized spherical particles, termed casein micelles. They form a group of four peptide chains (alpha(s1), beta, alpha(s2) and kappa), encoded by four structural genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2 and CSN3, respectively) of which the expression is regulated by lactogenic hormones. These phosphopr...