Type IIA topoisomerases modify DNA topology by passing one segment of duplex DNA (transfer or T-segment) through a transient double-strand break in a second segment of DNA (gate or G-segment) in an ATP-dependent reaction. Type IIA topoisomerases decatenate, unknot and relax supercoiled DNA to levels below equilibrium, resulting in global topology simplification. The mechanism underlying this no...

We compare the system performances of two holographic recording geometries using iron-doped lithium niobate: the 90-degree and transmission geometry. We find that transmission geometry is better because the attainable dynamic range (M/#) is much higher. The only drawback of transmission geometry is the buildup of fanning, particularly during readout. Material solutions that reduce fanning such ...

In this paper we discuss the stability of a uniform Fréedericksz configuration in highly anisotropic thin nematic films. We show that the Fréedericksz transition in a bend geometry is at least two-dimensional, and it occurs at field strengths lower than the known classical threshold.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to multiple chronic complications in the body including sensory functions. Aim: The aim of this study was determine hearing threshold middle-aged patients with T2DM and categorize it according presence or absence loss. Materials Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional performed 40 (mean age 58 ± 8.6 years mean time evolution 11.9 8.2 years) nond...

The two channels of plasmonic filter structure are selective based, on a nanocavity, that proposed, and numerically simulated, by using the finite, element method by using COMSOL4.4 software package The required, filtered wavelength can, be investigated, by selecting, an appropriate length of, the nanocavity and refractive index of dielectric that filled nanocavity. Two, output channels, struct...

A novel vertical translational microactuator based on thin-film piezoelectric actuation is presented, using a set of four compound bend-up/bend-down unimorphs to produce translational motion of a moving platform or stage. The actuation material is a chemical-solution deposited lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin film. Prototype designs have shown as much as 120 μm of static displacement, with 80...

New fluid states of matter, now known as liquid crystals, were discovered at the end 19th century and still provide strong themes in scientific research. The applications crystals continue to attract attention, most successful so far has been technology flat panel displays; this diversified recent years LCDs no longer dominate industry. Despite this, there is plenty more be uncovered science we...

Contemporary electronic cooling applications can feature complex heat pipe configurations with multiple sources (MHSs) and one or more bends in various locations to meet physical constraints. It is typically understood that implementing a bend adding MHS was tested for straight single source (SHS) degrade thermal performance. However, the severity of combining two phenomena effects changing loc...

In this work, results are given for controlling waves arbitrarily inside a lattice with spatially variant self-collimation. To demonstrate the concept, an unguided beam was made to flow around a 90◦ bend without scattering due to the bend or the spatial variance. Control of the field was achieved by spatially varying the orientation of the unit cells throughout a self-collimating photonic cryst...