BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (AII) mediates glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in animals with subtotal nephrectomy (Nx), but the mechanisms for increased AII activity are unknown. Because reduced GFR of Nx is associated with acid (H(+)) retention that increases kidney AII, AII-mediated GFR decline might be induced by H(+) retention. METHODS We measured GFR and kidney microdialyzate H(+) a...

Renal insufficiency can have a negative impact on cognitive function. Neuroinflammation and changes in klotho levels associate with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may play a role in the development of cognitive impairment (CI). The present study evaluates the correlation of cognitive deficits with neuroinflammation and soluble KLOTHO in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue of neph...

Chronic kidney disease is accompanied by nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and oxidative stress, which contribute to progression. We investigated whether the antioxidant vitamin E could preserve renal function and NO bioavailability and reduce oxidative stress in the 5/6th nephrectomy (NX) rat model. We studied the following three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats: sham (n = 6), 5/6 NX control (n =...

Kim-1, a recently discovered membrane protein, is undetectable in normal kidneys but markedly induced in proximal tubules after ischemic and toxic injury. The function of Kim-1 is unclear, but it is implicated in damage/repair processes. The Kim-1 ectodomain is cleaved by metalloproteinases and detectable in urine. We studied Kim-1 in a nontoxic, nonischemic, model of tubulointerstitial damage ...

We develop a game-theoretic semantics (GTS) for the fragment ATL of the Alternating-time Temporal Logic ATL∗, essentially extending a recently introduced GTS for ATL. We show that the new game-theoretic semantics is equivalent to the standard compositional semantics of ATL (with perfectrecall strategies). Based on the new semantics, we provide an analysis of the memory and time resources needed...

It is unclear why a subgroup of patients with essential hypertension develop salt-sensitive hypertension with progression of target organ damage over time. We evaluated the role of the renal endothelin (ET) system in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) model of salt-sensitive spontaneous hypertension (SS-SH) compared with the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of sal...

A high fat meal, frequently known as western diet (WD), exacerbates atherosclerosis and diabetes. Both these diseases are frequently associated with renal failure. Recent studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leaks into the circulation from the intestine in the setting of renal failure and after WD. However, it is not clear how renal function and associated disorders are affected by ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the health impact of harvesting tobacco and to suggest prevention and risk reduction strategies to avoid contracting green tobacco sickness (GTS). DATA SOURCES A literature search of Medline, Toxline, and Toxline65 with the terms "green", "tobacco", and "sickness" covering the years 1966-1998. STUDY SELECTION All studies, reviews, and commentaries that provided informa...

Wild-type mice normally do not develop atherosclerosis, unless fed cholic acid. Uremia is proinflammatory and increases atherosclerosis 6- to 10-fold in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This study examined the effect of uremia on lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Uremia was induced by nephrectomy (NX) and increased plasma urea and creatinine co...