The mixer chain on a graph G is the following Markov chain. Place tiles on the vertices of G, each tile labeled by its corresponding vertex. A “mixer” moves randomly on the graph, at each step either moving to a randomly chosen neighbor, or swapping the tile at its current position with some randomly chosen adjacent tile. We study the mixer chain on Z, and show that at time t the expected dista...

We have developed a microfluidic mixer for studying protein folding and other reactions with a mixing time of 8 mus and sample consumption of femtomoles. This device enables us to access conformational changes under conditions far from equilibrium and at previously inaccessible time scales. In this paper, we discuss the design and optimization of the mixer using modeling of convective diffusion...

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as ideally individual spin quantum systems can be coherently manipulated by microwave fields. Compared to the traditional method using IQ (In-phase/Quadrature) mixer with a local oscillator and intermediate-frequency (IF) signals, we report an effective technically simple generate required field frequency multiplication realize coherent manipulation of N...

In microfluidics mixing of different fluids is a highly non-trivial task due to the absence of turbulence. The dominant process allowing mixing at low Reynolds number is therefore diffusion, thus rendering mixing in plain channels very inefficient. Recently, passive chaotic micromixers such as the staggered herringbone mixer were developed, allowing efficient mixing of fluids by repeated stretc...

In this paper the selection of a mixer topology for a multi-standard, non-concurrent front-end is presented. The front-end is designed for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone (DECT) systems and systems for wireless communications, which operate in the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band (like Bluetooth or DECT alike systems at 2.4 GHz). Three mixer topologies are presented and eval...

Accurately identifying patient’s status through medical images plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially the deep learning, has achieved great success many fields. However, more reliable AI model is needed image guided therapy. To achieve this goal, developing a balanced, safe robust with unified framework desirable. In study, new termed as aut...

AIM Providing consistent levels of oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) for infants in neonatal intensive care units is not easy. This study explored how effectively the Auto-Mixer(®) algorithm automatically adjusted fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) levels to maintain SpO2 within an intended range in extremely low birth weight infants receiving supplemental oxygen without mechanical ventilation. METH...

We report a continuous-flow, microfluidic mixer utilizing mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging detection, with an experimentally determined, submillisecond mixing time. The simple and robust mixer design has the microfluidic channels cut through a polymer spacer that is sandwiched between two IR transparent windows. The mixer hydrodynamically focuses the sample stream with two side flow channels,...

The presented article describes two basic technological blocks of so called Flexible power unit which is located in the grounds of the Vı́tkovice company Ostrava in the Czech Republic. The experimental unit was established to research the use of potential energy in a mixture of dry air and superheated steam, which is called air/steam mixture. Creation of air/steam mixture is carried out by mixer...

This report describes a sub-harmonic mixer for WCDMA applications. The circuit converts a 2 GHz RF signal directly to baseband using a 1 GHz LO frequency. The mixer uses common source MOSFETs with inductive degeneration to convert the input RF voltage to a current. This current is then steered using a switching network composed of triode-region MOSFETs that is driven with the LO and a 90 degree...