The effects of tungsten (W) additions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt.%) on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels were systematically investigated by means of slow strain rate tests on circumferentially notched cylindrical specimens, and the mechanism of hydrogen-induced embrittlement was discussed. W addition is found to increase the activation energy of hydrogen desorption. Micros...

The gross chemical contents of grains explain most, but not all, of the variation in their nutritive value for livestock. It is believed that the microstructural features of grains may be responsible for this unexplained part of the variation. A light microscopy technique combined with differential staining has been used in the grain industry for some time to study the structures of starch gran...

This review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the synthesis, structural characterization, properties, and applications in the ®elds of amorphous, bulk amorphous, and nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials. Conventional physical metallurgical approaches to improving soft ferromagnetic properties have relied on the optimization of chemical and microstructural features. Within the las...

This paper was intended as a comparative study between the microstructural features of two water-ferrofluids intended for biological applications. In both cases the ferrophase was prepared by auto-catalytic reaction between ferrous and ferric salts resulted in magnetite and some maghemite precipitates. The difference is given by the stabilizer molecule: tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and, respe...

The fundamental mechanisms of diamond growth occur on the atomic scale. However, the geometry of the deposition reactor and the other operating parameters directly affect the chemical composition of the gas and the temperature at the growth surface. The properties are in turn controlled by both atomicand microstructural-scale features. By developing diamond growth models at each length scale an...

Microstructural features of sputtered chromium and chromium-50 wt. % platinum thin films on carbon substrates are presented. Films produced by rf sputtering and dc magnetron sputtering are compared using analytical electron microscopy techniques. All rf-sputtered films are uniform in chemistry and thickness and are amorphous. The chromium film became crystalline with a grain size ofless than 10...

Miniaturization of electronics to the nanoscale brings new challenges. Because of their small size and immense information and power processing capacity, large temperature gradients exist across nanoelectronics and power electronics solder joints. In this paper, a fully coupled thermomechanical-diffusion model is introduced to study the thermomigration induced strength degradation. A nonlinear ...

What is a “diffusion coefficient” or “diffusion tensor” in living tissue, anyway? While the measurement of the self-diffusivity in an NMR tube represents a "gold standard", in complex media particularly in living tissue, water “diffusivity” ceases to have a clear meaning or definition. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and apparent diffusion tensor (ADT) concepts were introduced to answe...

Recent progress in atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) and its applications to nanoscale microstructural studies of metallic materials are reviewed. By employing a three dimensional atom probe (3DAP), it is possible to map out elemental distributions in the real space with almost an atomic resolution, and chemical analysis of interfaces and nanoparticles can be made with improved accuracy i...

An experimental investigation with Nd:YAG laser system was carried out to study the effects of laser hardening process parameters on the microstructure and hardness during laser hardening of EN25 steel. The laser beam is allowed to scan on the surface of the work piece by varying the laser beam power (750–1250 W) and travel speed (500–1000 mm/min) of the work table. The microstructural features...