Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has been used in conjunction with microwave-mediated saponification, periodate oxidation, and clostridial sialidase hydrolysis to enable detailed structural characterization of gangliosides and their derivatives present in mullet milt. The gangliosides extracted from mullet milt were determined to be GM3, GM3 lactone, GM3 methy...

Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly liquid fuel. However, the feedstock, predominantly crop oil, is a limited and expensive food resource which prevents large scale application of biodiesel. Development of non-food feedstocks are therefore, needed to fully utilize biodiesel’s potential. In this study, the larvae of a high fat containing insect, black soldier fly (Hermetia illu...

A factor (2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) is a representative of the gamma-butyrolactone autoregulators that trigger secondary metabolism and morphogenesis in the Gram-positive, filamentous bacterial genus Streptomyces. Here, we report the A factor biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces griseus. The monomeric AfsA, containing a tandem repeat domain of approximately 80 aa, cat...

The novel heme prosthetic group of Escherichia colt’ NADPH-sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.1.2) has been identified as an iron tetrahydroporphyrin of the isobacteriochlorin type (adjacent pyrrole rings reduced) with eight carboxylic acid side chains. The number of carboxyl groups was established by the following experiments. Esterification with 14CH30H resulted in incorporation of 7.4 moles of 14C pe...

Tamarindus indica is one of the medicinal plants used in treatment various diseases traditionally.
 Aims: This study was conducted to identify phytochemical constituents T. leaf extracts. Methods: Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification bioactive compounds extracts indica.
 Results: The FT-IR spectrum confir...

background: during the initial phase of an infection, there is an upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the macrophages for the production of nitric oxide. this is followed by the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) which release arginase. arginase competes with inducible nitric oxide synthase for a common substrate l-arginine. objective: to investigate whethe...

A high-oil candlenut (Aleurites moluccana)-derived biodiesel was purified using new generation solvents called Deep eutectic (DESs) and physicochemical properties of the were assessed according to accepted international standards for (ASTM D6751; EN 14214). Binary ternary choline chloride-based DESs containing glycerol ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donors synthesized. The results investigati...

deprotection of phosphate, phosphate, and sulfite esters by silica chloride is described. silica chloride is a mild, selective, and effective reagent for cleavage of benzyl and t-butyl esters of the above compounds.