An estimated 76,100 patients will be diagnosed with invasive melanoma in the United States in 2014, and 9,710 patients will die from the disease. In almost all cases, the cause of death is related to the development of widespread metastatic disease. Although death rates from most types of cancer have steadily decreased in the United States--a 20% decrease during two decades from a peak of 215.1...

Malignant melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, has a high propensity for metastatic spread and is notoriously chemotherapy-resistant. Cordycepin, the active component of Cordyceps spp., has been identified to have anti-metastatic effect on tumor progression and thus possesses pharmacological and therapeutic potentials. However, the mechanisms of anti-metastatic effects of cordycepin a...

The incidence of melanoma is increasing steadily both in Poland and worldwide. Until 2010 three drugs were approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma - dacarbazine (DTIC) in Europe and USA, fotemustine in Europe and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in USA. Approval of ipilimumab and vemurafenib in Europe and USA has changed the standard of care, while the next candidates such as dabrafenib and trame...

Purpose:Certain clinicopathologic features correlate with BRAFmutation status inmelanoma including younger age and primary subtype. This study sought to determine the BRAFmutation status by age-decade and whether BRAF-mutant genotypes correlated with clinicopathologic features and outcome in patients with metastatic melanoma. Methods: A prospectively assembled cohort of Australian patients were...

Heparanase is an endo-ß-o-glucuronidase, the enzymatic targets of which are the glycosaminoglycan chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Elevated levels of heparanase are associated with the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. Treatment of murine and human melanoma cells with the prototypic neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) increases the production of heparanase by melanoma cells. W...

Madam, Melanoma, the most lethal skin cancer, accounts for 75% of deaths by cancer in US.1 Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and a combination Nivolumab ipilimumab are used adjuvant therapy distant metastatic melanoma.2 The nivolumab melanoma per patient month was estimated to be USD 71,689.3 Nevertheless, efficiency these treatments is limited.4 Furthermore, metastasis can reduce effectiveness treatme...

In advanced metastatic melanoma (non-resectable stage III/IV), the prognosis still remains poor, with median survival times between six and twelve months. Systemic therapeutic approaches for metastatic melanoma include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, immunochemotherapy, small molecules and targeted therapy. In this review, we will focus on the various treatment modalities as well as new agents use...

Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for human cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. Administration of tremelimumab to patients with locally advanced and metastatic melanoma has resulted in a subset of patients with durable objective tumour regressions. Our echocardiographic images impressively show the effects of this new antibody in a patient with cardiac metastat...

BACKGROUND Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is an aggressive tumor with very low survival rate and easy to metastasize. Pleural metastatic melanoma via primary OMM is rare. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we presented a case of metastatic malignant melanoma of the pleura originated from OMM. A 54-year-old man without primary skin lesion was diagnosed multiple nodular shadows, pleural invasion,...

UNLABELLED The excessive metastatic propensity of melanoma makes it the most deadly form of skin cancer, yet the underlying mechanism of metastasis remains elusive. Here, mining of cancer genome datasets discovered a frequent loss of chromosome 19p13.3 and associated downregulation of the zinc finger transcription factor ZBTB7A in metastatic melanoma. Functional assessment of ZBTB7A-regulated g...