Elevation of the K+ concentration in seawater (added as KC1) induces larval settlement and metamorphosis in Bugula simplex, B. stolonifera, and B. turrita. All three of these bryozoan species have similar bell-shaped dose-response curves: 5 mM excess K+ is sufficient to increase settlement and metamorphosis significantly over seawater controls in all the species and optimal responses to excess ...

Abstract Understanding attributes of phenology beyond the mean date a life history event, such as variability among individuals within population, is critical to predict how climate‐induced phenological shifts may alter population dynamics. Identifying impacts organisms especially needed better understand affect trophic dynamics (e.g., in top predators affecting primary production). To effects ...