Metalworking-fluids (MWFs) perform essential functions to metal-products manufacturing industry. MWFs also have inherent environmental and health liabilities associated to industry. These liabilities viewed as opportunity to reevaluate the functionality of MWFs and improve profitability of operations. Several problems appeared in using of MWFs including biodegradation of constituents. The objec...

The information contained in this publication has been compiled from the literature and through communication with recognized experts within the metal finishing industry. It is presented as a guide to the use of electroless nickel for engineers, metallurgists, designers and others involved in materials selection. The important properties of electroless nickel deposits are described and examples...

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between regional firm performance and supply chain integration practices. In addition to literature survey, the primary data collection instrument used was a questionnaire which was administrated to a total sample of 200 industry experts, administrative officers, functional department heads and directors, the industry managing dire...

A thermal via has been used to enhance the heat transfer through the printed circuit board (PCB). Because the thermal conductivity of a dielectric material is very low, the array of metal vias is placed to make thermal paths in the PCB. This paper describes the numerical analysis of the PCB having metal vias and focuses on the heat transfer characteristics under the nonisothermal boundary condi...

Background & objectives: Since many plants have high efficiency in absorbing heavy elements, the use of phytoremediation is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to identify native plants that absorb heavy metals. Also, the possibility of using them in phytoremediation technology in soils contaminated with heavy metals (around the petrochemical industry of Razi fertilizer in Tehran ...

Supported metal catalysts, in particular noble metals supported on zeolites and oxides, are widely applied in large-scale processes, such as petroleum refining, petrochemical conversion, and automobile exhaust conversion. A crucial challenge in studying these catalysts lies in their complex nature, including non-uniform supports, variable sizes, shapes, and distributions of metal species and mu...

Hexavalent chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in industry, while trivalent chromium (III) is used as a nutritional supplement. CrVI is generally considered more toxic and carcinogenic than its trivalent form and the toxicity of this metal is associated with free radical processes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The detailed mechanism of ROS formation by chromium and its compounds...

Resistance spot welding is used to join two or more metal sheets together, and the technique is used widely in the automotive industry, for example. Furthermore, other metal-to-metal connections, such as wire-to-wire joints in the electronics industry, are accomplished by resistance spot welding. Application-specific measures, such as the diameter of the welding spot, define the quality of the ...

Sheet metal cutting using lasers is ubiquitous in the industry, and is used to produce everything from home decorations to excavator scoops. Metal waste is costly for the industry, both in terms of money, but also in terms of an increased environmental footprint. Tomologic develops a unique optimisation system that can reduce this waste drastically. This paper presents a CP approach to the Lase...