Background One of themost common metabolic diseases is diabetes mellitus (DM), which its prevalence is growing trend. Early diagnose peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in early stages of patients with DM contributes to metabolic control and prevents severe complications.  We aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and its related factor in Diabetic children. Materials and Meth...

Bell's palsy is an acute peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve unknown etiology. The seventh cranial nerve. One part motor fibers that innervate muscles. emerges from brain between posterior edge pons and medulla oblongata with two roots. main nucleus responsible for voluntary control There are central paresis Central occurs during а stroke. Peripheral (unilateral muscle weakness entire half...

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), such as olanzapine (OLZ), are associated with metabolic side effects, including hyperglycemia. Although a central mechanism of action for the acute effects on glycemia has been suggested, evidence for peripheral versus central effects of AAPs has been mixed and has not been explored for an effect of OLZ on the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Here, we tested the...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) improves insulin sensitivity in humans and rodents. It is currently unknown to what extent the (metabolic) effects of GLP-1 treatment are mediated by central GLP-1 receptors. We studied the impact of central GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonism on the metabolic effects of peripheral GLP-1 administration in mice. High-fat-fed insulin-resistant C57Bl/6 mice were trea...

OBJECTIVE Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and its activator resveratrol are emerging as major regulators of metabolic processes. We investigate the site of resveratrol action on glucose metabolism and the contribution of SIRT1 to these effects. Because the arcuate nucleus in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) plays a pivotal role in integrating peripheral metabolic responses to nutrients and hormones, we exam...

BACKGROUND Propofol has a depressant effect on metabolic ventilatory control, causing depression of the ventilatory response to acute isocapnic hypoxia, a response mediated via the peripheral chemoreflex loop. In this study, the authors examined the effect of sedative concentrations of propofol on the dynamic ventilatory response to carbon dioxide to obtain information about the respiratory sit...

Dental students commit many errors when diagnosing radiographs. To improve performance, were asked to compare radiographs (with and without disease or with the same disease); relevant structures highlighted in In a crossover design, randomly assigned two groups differing training order: Students peripheral-central-group (N = 39) first trained detect anomalies periphery before receiving on cente...

Anesthesia is frequently used to facilitate physiological monitoring during interventional animal studies. However, its use may induce cardiovascular (central and peripheral), respiratory, thermoregulatory depression, confounding results in anesthetized animals. Despite the wide utility of guinea pigs as a translational platform, anesthetic protocols remain unstandardized for extended studies t...

Current limitations in quantitatively predicting biological behavior hinder our efforts to engineer biological systems to produce biofuels and other desired chemicals. Here, we present a new method for calculating metabolic fluxes, key targets in metabolic engineering, that incorporates data from 13C labeling experiments and genome-scale models. The data from 13C labeling experiments provide st...