Cognitive dysfunction is a hallmark feature of schizophrenia and is evident across all phases of the illness. While prior meta-analyses have elucidated the level and pattern of cognitive deficits in the premorbid and post-onset periods of psychosis, no meta-analyses of studies of the putative prodromal period have been published. Our primary aim is to provide a meta-analysis of neurocognitive f...

BACKGROUND Older meta-analyses of the effects of psychological treatments for depression in older adults have found that these treatments have large effects. However, these earlier meta-analyses also included non-randomized studies, and did not include newer high-quality randomized controlled trials. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized studies on psychological treatments for de...

Background Health guidelines are developed to improve patient care by ensuring the most recent and 'best available evidence' is used to guide treatment recommendations. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE's ) guideline development methodology acknowledges that evidence needed to answer one question (treatment efficacy) may be different from evidence needed to answer an...

Persons with subjective cognitive decline are reported to experience a decline in cognitive capacity without measurable cognitive deficits on objective testing.1 In a meta-analysis, subjective cognitive decline was present in about 17% of healthy elderly.2 The pathophysiological process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is thought to begin many years before the diagnosis of AD dementia.3 Subjective c...

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) have successfully been applied in numerous domains to show the relations between essential components in complex systems. In this paper, a novel learning method is proposed to construct FCMs based on historical data and by using meta-heuristic: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Tabu Search (TS). Implementation of the proposed method has demonstrat...