Aims People with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) have reported cognitive and executive deficits. However, it is unclear whether these deficits are different depending on severity. Here, we aimed to compare performance between PDP patients varying severity of their symptoms (such as delusions hallucinations), relative without (PDnP), using a meta-analytical approach. Methods Searches were co...

BACKGROUND Sustained high-level cognitive performance is of paramount importance for the success of space missions, which involve environmental, physiological, and psychological stressors that may affect brain functions. Despite subjective symptom reports of cognitive fluctuations in spaceflight, the nature of neurobehavioral functioning in space has not been clarified. METHODS We developed a...

Some AI researchers aim to make useful machines, including robots. Others aim to understand general principles of information-processing machines whether natural or artificial, often with special emphasis on humans and human-like systems: They primarily address scientific and philosophical questions rather than practical goals. However, the tasks required to pursue scientific and engineering go...

BACKGROUND A wide range of cognitive deficits have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, but their longitudinal course remains unclear. AIMS To bring together all the available information from longitudinal studies of cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia. METHOD We carried out a meta-analysis of 53 studies. Unlike previous reviewers, we included all studies (regardless of the ty...

The paper attempts to provide a conceptual basis for allusions to information processing in discussions about cognition. It de nes the notions of informational medium as a subsystem within a larger dynamical system, the notions of information processing and information management operations, and the notion of informational network a network of informational media. It suggest that situated cogni...

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, is licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memantine is administered both as a monotherapy and as an add-on therapy in patients already receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Several meta-analyses have been published that examine the efficacy of memantine in the treatment of AD, based on clinical tri...

Analyzing metacognition, specifically knowledge of accuracy of internal perceptual, memorial, or other knowledge states, is vital for many strands of psychology, including determining the accuracy of feelings of knowing and discriminating conscious from unconscious cognition. Quantifying metacognitive sensitivity is however more challenging than quantifying basic stimulus sensitivity. Under pop...

IN A CONTINUOUS VISUOMOTOR TASK Shannon M. Locke 1 Michael S. Landy 1,2 Pascal Mamassian 4 Eero P. Simoncelli 1,2,3 New York University, NY: (1) Dept. of Psychology, (2) Center for Neural Science, (3) Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences; (4) Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS UMR 8248, Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France DÉPARTEMENT D’ÉTUDES CO...

BACKGROUND The relationship between cognition and age at onset of schizophrenia is largely unknown. AIMS To compare cognitive deficits in individuals with youth-onset and late-onset schizophrenia with those in adults with first-episode schizophrenia. METHOD Twenty-nine databases (including EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched from 1980 to 2008. Selected publications had to include he...