OBJECTIVES People with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are at risk for premature death from various physical illnesses. A large component of this risk may be accounted for by an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of our study was to examine patients' physical health prior to first treatment and over 2 years of foll...

Some acetophenone derived bis Mannich bases (B1-B5) and piperidinols (C1, C4), which are the structural isomers of B1 and B4, and also quaternary piperidine derivative C6 were synthesized and studied for anticonvulsant activity. Of the compounds, C6 was reported for the first time. Chemical structures of the compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysi...

Two series of N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)- and N-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-propyl]-3-aryl- and 3-spirocycloalkyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity in the maximum electroshock (MES) seizure and pentetrazole (sc PTZ) seizure threshold tests. Compounds with an aromatic ring at position-3 of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione exhibited anticonvulsant acti...

This study investigated the anticonvulsant activity of a new phthalazine tetrazole derivative, QUAN-0808 (6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine), in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model. The neurotoxicity of QUAN-0808 was investigated using the rotarod neurotoxicity test in mice. QUAN-0808 exhibited higher activity (median effective dose, ED(50) = 6.8 mg/kg) and lower ne...

Stroke is difficult to treat with few treatment options. Until such time as appropriate therapeutic regimens are established, prevention, both in the primary and in the secondary setting, is of paramount importance. Evaluation of pharmacological agents for the prevention of stroke in conventional clinical studies has the advantage that the outcome parameter is a direct measure of efficacy, and ...

Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells are tightly coordinated with cell-cycle progression and reconstructions. However, technical approach to directly visualize single embryonic stem cells still remains challenging. Here we combined two independent systems by using artificially constructed extracellular matrix that maintains embryonic stem cells in single level with cell cycl...

Induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 improves metabolic profiles in diabetic model mice. However, its effect on pancreatic β-cells is not known. The current study investigated whether HSP72 induction can reduce β-cell stress signaling and apoptosis and preserve β-cell mass. MIN6 cells and db/db mice were sham-treated or treated with heat shock (HS) and mild electrical stimulation (MES) (HS+...

Abrus precatorius which is commonly called as Indian licorice has been used for many centuries by traditional healers of Tanzania for the treatment of convulsions. The present work has been carried out to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the ethanolic extract (EE) of A. precatorius leaves against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), Picrotoxin and Maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions at t...

Metastatic breast cancer (BrCa) is still one of the main causes of cancer death in women. Metabolic syndrome (MeS), a risk factor for BrCa, is associated to high grade tumors, increased metastasis and recurrence of this disease. C-terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1) is a co-repressor of tumor suppressor genes that is activated by low NAD+/NADH ratio. Previously, we demonstrated that CTBP1 hypera...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a resistant form of leishmaniasis that is caused by a parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. FLU-loaded microemulsions (MEs) were developed by phase diagram for topical administration of fluconazole (FLU) as prominent alternative to combat CL. Three MEs called F1, F2, and F3 (F1-60% 50 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (PB) as aqueous phase, 10% cholesterol (CHO)...